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Science Chap. 13!!!
Science Chap.13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Minerals form from atoms that have been part of a _______ | liquid |
| A naturally occurring, inorganic slid with a definite chemical composition and a crystal structure is a _________ | mineral |
| Substances that are made by _________ are not minerals because they do not form ____________ | people, naturally |
| Materials that contain _______ and once were alive are organic, where as minerals are not ________ and cannot have once been alive | carbon, organic |
| No minerals are liquid because, by definition minerals are always _______ | solid |
| All minerals have an ________ structure which means the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern ; this causes minerals to often have sharp ______ and smooth ______ | crystal, edges, faces |
| A mineral is always made of specific amounts of specific ________; therefore, minerals always have a __________ formula | elements, chemical |
| The atoms form an orderly, repeating pattern by the process of ______________ which can happen in two main ways | crystallization |
| Minerals can crystallize from ________ which is melted rock | magma |
| Substances that dissolve in ______ can reform crystals when the water ___________ or cools | water, evaporates |
| Each mineral has a unique set of ______________ or characteristics that can be used to __________ the mineral | physical properties, identify |
| If you have two mineral samples of the same size, the mineral with the _________ density will feel heavier than the mineral with the ________ density | higher, lower |
| You can measure the __________ of a mineral by observing how easily the mineral scratches or is scratched by another mineral | hardness |
| The ______________ scale ranks minerals from 1 to ____ | Mohs hardness, 10 |
| The hardest mineral is __________,which measures ____ on Mohs hardness scale; the sofest mineral is _______, which measures ____ on Mohs hardness scale | diamond, 10, talc, 1 |
| Each mineral has a unique _______, which is the color of the minerals powder | color |
| The way the surface of a mineral reflects light is called the minerals _________ | luster |
| A mineral displays __________ if it breaks along smooth flat _________ | cleavage, surface |
| A minerals _________ shape is determined by its atomic structure; ________ crystals can be useful for identifying a mineral | crystal, large |
| Many common items are made of ________. which combine with other elements and form ___________; these minerals are usually processed from ______, which are deposits of metallic or nonmetallic minerals that can be processed for a profit | metals, minerals, ores |
| a rock is defines as a naturally occurring solid_____ composed of minerals,____ matter, glass, smaller ___ fragments, or any combination of these. | mixture,organic, rock |
| the individual particles in rocks are called ___; they give clues about how the rock ____ | grains, formed |
| rocks are classified based on how they ___ | form |
| there are ____ main categories of rocks;igneous, metamorphic and _____ rocks. | three, sedimentary |
| most rocks on Earth are _____ rocks. | igneous |
| igneous rock forms from molten rock, which is called ____ when it is below Earth's surface and ____ after it erupts onto Earth's surface | magma, lava |
| as molten rock ___, crystals of ____ start to grow; these become the ____ of newly forming igneous rocks. | cools, minerals, grains |
| lava at Earth's surface cools ___, so the crystals that form are ___; geologist describe the texture of igneous rocks with small crystal as ____- grained | quickly, small, fine |
| magma that is deep below Earth's surface cools____, so the crystals that form have time to grow ___. | slowly, larger |
| geologists describe the texture of igneous rocks with crystals of this size as ____-grained | coarse |
| Rock and mineral fragments that are loose or suspended in water are called __________ and are the source material for _______________ rock | sediment, sedimentary |
| The process by which ________ becomes sedimentary rock is called ______________ | sediment, lithification |
| The grain shape of igneous rock can be ______________ or ______________ | rounded, angular |
| One kind of rock froms when other types of rock are changed due to extreme high temperatures and ___________. The original rock is called __________ rock; the resulting rock is _______________ rock | pressure, parent, metamorphic |
| In the process of ________________, parent rock is squeezed, heated, or exposed to ______ fluid | metamorphism, hot |
| One characterists of many metamoorphic rock is ____________ that process by which flat materials line up due to uneven pressure being applied to the rock, giving these rocks, such as gneiss, a layered appearance | foliation |
| Granite is a __________ rock that is hard and durable, which makes it useful for constructing structures such as fountains | igneous |
| _________ is a soft _________ rock that contains hard ________, which makes it useful for polishing and cleaning | pumice, igneous, glass |
| _____________ rocks, such as sandstone and limestone, are naturally layered, and so they make good building stones; limestone is a _______________ rock that is used to make cement | sedimentary, sedimentary |
| ___________ rocks that are foliated split into _____ pieces; for example ________ is used as a durable, fireproof stone for roofing; marble is an _____________ rock that is soft enough to carve for in detailed sculptures | metamorphic, flat, slate, metamorphic |
| a minerals ____ can be observed by scratching the minerals across a tile of unglazed porcelain. | streak |
| a minerals ___ and its streak sometimes differ. | color |
| ____ of rock materials occurs naturally on Earth. | Recycling |
| the _____ is the series of processes that continually change one rock type into another. | rock cycle |
| the formation of ____ or rocks are key processes of the ___ _____ | minerals, rock cycle |
| _____ rock forms from melted rock that is on or ____ Earth's surface. | Igneous, inside |
| ____ rock forms when lava erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth's surface. | extrusive |
| _____ rock forms when magma cools and crystallizes inside Earth. | intrusive |
| _____ is the process that moves large amounts of rock up to Earth's surface and to higher ____ | uplift, elevations |
| Uplift is driven by the movement of ___ plates and is related to building of ______ | tectonic, mountains |
| at Earth's surface, rock is subject to the ____ | environment |
| rock is weathered by wind, rain, glaciers, and the activities of some ____; these processes break down exposed rock into _____ | organisms, sediment |
| sediment is moved by ____- the process by which ____, rain and wind carry sediment, to low-lying places called ____ | erosion, glaciers, basins |
| the process of laying down sediment in a new location is called ____; over time, deposition causes ____ of sediment to form, one on top of the other | deposition, layers |
| In the process __________, the weight of upper layers of ________ on lower layers of sediment pushes the grains of the bottom layers closer together | Compaction, sediment |
| There are tiny spaces called _________ between the grains of the ____________ rock | pores, sedimentary |
| When there is ________ containing dissolved __________ in the pores between sediment, the mineral can crystallize, which helps ___________ the grains together in sedimentary rock | water, mineral, cement |
| _________ Earths surface, rocks are sometimes subject to high ____________ and pressure, which cause them to undergo __________________ | below, temperature, metamorphism |
| With high enough _____, the metamorphic rock can ______ and become magma | heat, melt |
| When the magma ______ and solidifies, ___________ rock form, and another turn of the rock cycle begins | cools, igneous |
| The movement of Earths ____________ plates helps the __________ | tectonic, rock cycle |
| Volcanos form near plate boundaries, giving rise to _________ rock; this kind of rock also forms where plates more _________ | igneous, apart |
| Rocks near ___________ plates are often exposed to high pressure, which causes them to undergo ____________________ | colliding, metamorphism |
| When plates ___________, one plate can get pushes deep below Earths surface, where the rock melts and becomes __________; in time, it is likely to become _____________ rock | collide, magma, igneous |
| Colliding plates can _________ rock to Earths surface; such rock is subjected to _____________, which breaks the rock into __________. Theses pieces of rock can eventually form ________________ rock | uplift, weather, sediment, sedimentary |
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brookemj1