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Vocab Ch. 8 History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| Muckraker | writer who uncovers and exposes misconducts in politics business |
| Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| Settlement House | community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor |
| Direct Primary | election in which primary citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| Initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballet |
| Referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law by a legislature |
| Recall | Process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
| NCL | group organized in 1889 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum |
| Temperance Movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| NAWSA | group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
| Nineteenth Amendment | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
| Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices |
| NAACP | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
| Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
| Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| Mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican-Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
| Square Deal | President theodore Roosevelt program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and requiered federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
| New Nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelts plan to restore the governments trustbusting power |
| Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the republican party in 1912 |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson program to place government controls on corporation in order to benefit small businesses |
| Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a federal reserve board, which runs regional banks that hold reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
| Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |
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