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anthropology 1a lab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what are the steps to the scientific method? | observation, state the hypothesis, experiment/data collection, form a conclusion |
| Variables "changing quantities" | independent, dependent, control |
| Independent variable | Is changed by the scientist. "If (i do this), then (this will happen)" this is the IF part. |
| dependent variable | may change due to the independent variable. the THEN part of "if (i do this), then this will happen" |
| control variable | all other conditions and events that should stay the same. |
| control group | one group will remain unchanged or used as a comparison group |
| what are cells made of? | composed of water, salt proteins lipids carbohydrates and nucleic acids held within a permeable membrane. |
| what is a gene? | segment of dna that codes for synthesis of a particular protein/polypeptide |
| write a hypothesis | "If (i do this), then (this will happen)" |
| nucleus | contains the genetic material(DNA), separate from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane. |
| ribosome | small stuctures made of proteins and RNA that "read" the RNA strand during protein synthesis; occur free and on endoplasmic reticulum |
| mitochondria | oblong organelle where adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production occurs; ATP is the carrier of chemical energy in the cell. |
| cytoplasm | Fluid, jelly-like substance, between the cell membrane and the nucleus, in which organelles are suspended. |
| homologous chromosomes | Homologous chromosomes are defined as the chromosomes in a biological cell which pair or synapse during the process of meiosis. after replication the same but can have different traits. |
| DNA structure | double helix, phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, base(adenine, thymine, guanine, cytocine) |
| process of replication | making a copy. enzymes break up double helix like a zipper, free nucleotides bond with exposed bases, forming a new strand. |
| process of protein synthesis | "transcription" splits them apart temporarily, messagner RNA (instructions), transferRNA ("translation" reading the instructions), to match up amino acids to make a protein |
| meiosis definition | production of sex cells (gametes or ova and sperm) *Haploid cells *occurs in the ovaries of females and testes |
| meiosis process | begins with a somatic cell(diploid),DNA replication,each chromosome is double stranded,align into pairs,crossing over,first division(pairs divide remain double stranded,second division(chromosomes split produce 4 daughter cells,single strand haploid cell |
| mitosis | division of somatic cell, dna replication, each chromosome is double stranded, chromosomes line up in the center of the cell,cell division(pulled apart), two daughter cells each with diploid number(copy of the parent cell) |
| gene flow (migration) | movement of genes from one population's gene pool to another, causing change in gene frequencies of both former and new gene pools |
| genetic drift (random genetic drift) | random fluctuations in gene frequency of a population between generations; particularly in a small population, gene frequencies do not accurately represent those of the parental population |
| mutation | inherited change in the DNA sequence; the only evolutionary force to introduce new variation in to the gene pool |
| natural selection | a primary factor causing evolutionary change in populations,inherited traits allow them to better survive and/or reproduce contribute more offspring to new generation |
Created by:
antdawg
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