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Ordinance of 1785
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When was first model tenement built in Manhatten
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AICP - history
Exam review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ordinance of 1785 | Rectangular land survey of old NW |
| When was first model tenement built in Manhatten | 1855 |
| When was the Homestead Act? | 1862 |
| What was the Homestead Act? | It opened the lands of public domain to settlers for a nominal fee & 5 years residence |
| When did NY Council of Hygiene mount a campaign to raise housing and sanitary standards? | 1864 |
| When was the first major tenement house law restricting physical conditions? | 1867 |
| When was the beginning of land use zoning in the US (San Francisco)? | 1867 |
| When did the dumbbell tenement debut? | 1879 |
| What is a dumbbell tenement? | form of multifamily housing built in NY until the end of the century & notorious for poor living conditions (lacked light, air, space) |
| When was the model industrial town built by George Pullman? | 1880-1884 (Pullman, IL) |
| When was "How the Other Half Lives" published? | 1890 |
| What was "How the Other Half Lives" about? | powerful stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform |
| When did fed. gov't recognize problem of slums and cities from a survey? | 1892 |
| When was the World's Columbian exposition in Chicago? | 1893 |
| What was the World's Columbian exposition? | source of City Beautiful movement and the urban planning profession |
| Ebenezor Howard publishes "Tomorrow A peaceful Path to Real Reform" started Garden City movement(1902 Garden Cities of Tomorrow) | 1894 |
| When was the first state court support of an ordinance restricting building heights? | 1899 |
| When was the New York State Tenement House Law? | 1901 |
| What was the purpose of the New York State Tenement House Law? | legislative basis for the revision of city codes tenement outlawing tenements such as the dumbbell tenements (Lawrence Veiller) |
| When was Letchworth Constructed? | 1903 |
| What is the Letchworth development? | The First English Garden City and stimulus to New Town movement in America (Greenbelt Towns, Columbia, etc.) |
| When was the first local civic center plan developed for Cleveland by Daniel H. Burnham? | 1903 |
| When was the first application of "City Beautiful" principles to a major American City - Burnham's plan for San Francisco? | 1906 |
| When was the first comprehensive city survey (Pittsburgh)? | 1907 |
| When was the first official, local, and permanent planning board elected (Hartford, CT)? | 1907 |
| When was the first National Conference on City Planning in Washington, D.C.? | 1909 |
| When was the First American use of zoning to restrict development (LA creates multitude of zones)? | 1909 |
| When was First State Enabling Act passed (WI)? | 1909 |
| When was Plan of Chicago created? | 1909 |
| What is the Plan of Chicago? | First Metropolitan Regional Plan - Daniel Burnham |
| When was the first American test of the neighborhood idea (Forest Hill Gardens,Long Island, N.Y.)? | 1910 |
| When was the first major American textbook on planning? | 1913 |
| What was the first major American textbook on planning? | Carrying Out the City Plan by Flavel Shurtleff |
| Who is the first full-time municipally employed planner? | Harland Bartholomew 1914 Newark, NJ |
| When did the first state institute extraterritorial mandatory referral of subdivision platts? | 1915 in CA |
| When was Cities in Evolution written? by who? and what did is create? | 1915 by Patrick Geddes; It created the foundation for regional theory |
| When was the National Park Service established? | 1916 |
| What did the National Park Service establish? | Established sole responsibility for conserving and preserving resources of special value |
| When was the NAtion's first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted by New York City Board of Estimates? | 1916 under George McAneny and Edward Bassett, "Father of Zoning" |
| When did Nelson P. Lewis Publish Planning of the Modern City? | 1916 |
| When was the first federal-aid highway act? | 1916 |
| When was the first regional functional authority plan adopted? | 1916 - Miami Conservancy District, OH |
| When did Freerick Law Olmsted, Jr. become first president of newly founded American City Planning Institue? | 1917 |
| What was the American City Planning Institute? | forerunner of the American Institue of Planners and the American Institute of Certified Planners |
| Who were the three unifunctional regional authorities that combined to form the Boston Metro District Commission and in what year? | Metro Sewerage Commission, Metro Water Board, and Metro Park Commission in 1919 |
| When was the first parkway in America completed and where? | 1919 - Bronx River Parkway, N.Y. |
| When was the first statewide citizens organization in support of planning and where? | 1919 - Ohio Planning Conference |
| When did New Orleans designate the the Vieux Carre Commission and what for? | 1921 - the first historic preservation commission in the U.S. |
| When and where was the first bi-state functional authority? | 1921 - Port of New York Authority |
| When was the Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York? | 1922 under Thomas Adams |
| When was the Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission created (1st of its kind in US)? | 1922 |
| When and what was the first suburban auto-oriented shopping center constructed? | 1922 "Country Club Plaza" in Kansas City, MO |
| When was the Standard State zoning Enabling Act issued by U.S. Dept of commerce under Sec. Herbert Hoover? | 1924 |
| What city and when was the first major American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan? | 1925 - Cincinnatti, OH, Alfred Bettman |
| When was Ernest Burgess's "Concentric Zone" published? and what is it? | 1925 - model of urban structure and land use |
| When was the 1st comp plan adopted by a planning board of a major American city? | 1925 - Cincinnatti |
| When was the first public subsidy for housing? where? | 1926 - State of New York |
| When did teh Supreme Court uphold constitutionality of comp zoning (Village of Euclid vs. Amber Realty Co.)? | 1926 |
| When was teh Standard City Planning Enabing Act issued by US Dept of Commerce under Sec. Herbert Hoover? | 1928 |
| When was the first "new town" built? and where? | 1928 in Radburn, N.J. |
| When was Clarence Perry's monograph on the Neighborhood Unit published? and in what? | 1929 in the Volume VII of the Regional Survey of New York and ITs Environs |
| What event fostered idea of public planning on a national scale? when did it occur? | Stock market crash in October 1929 ushers in Great Depression |
| When did the National Land Utilization Conferrence convene in Chicago? what was it? | 1931 - 300 ag experts deliberated on rural recovery programs and natural resource conservation |
| When was FDR inaugurated? | 1933 |
| When did the New Deal begin with a few counter-depression measures?? | 1933 |
| When was Fed Emergency Relief Admin set-up under Harry Hopkins? and why? | 1933 - to organize relief |
| When was the Home Owners Loan Corp established? and why? | 1933 - to save homwowners facing loss through foreclosure |
| When was TVA created? | 1933 |
| Why was TVA created? | To provide for unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the TN Valley, America's most famous exp. in river-basin planning. |
| Who was the father of the TVA idea? | Sen. George Norris of ID |
| What was the first large-scale regional program in integrated economic, social, and physical development planning by teh fed. gov't? | TVA |
| When was the first U.S. National Planning Board created? | 1933 |
| When was teh U.S. National Planning Board abolished to become the National Resources Planning Board? | 1943 |
| When was the National Housing Act created? and why? | 1934 - established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and teh FHA for insuring ind. hoome mortgages |
| When was American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) founded? | 1934 |
| Who was the first president of the ASPO? | Alfred Bettman |
| When was the first US federally built housing constructed for the general public? | 1934 |
| When was the Resettlement Administration established under Rexford Tugwell? | 1935 |
| What is the Resettlement Administration? | Roosevelt "braintruster" to carry out experiments in land reform and pop resettlement |
| What cities did this agency build? | Greenbelt, MD and Greenhills, OH forerunners of present day New Towns: Columbia, MD & Reston, VA |
| When were the US federally built new towns built in peacetime? | 1935-1937 |
| What were the new towns called? | "greenbelt" towns |
| What was the Fed. Housing Act of 1937? | First major fed. legislative commitment to public housing |
| When did the influential "sector theory" of urban structure appear? and in what monograph? | 1939 by Homer Hoyt in The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities |
| Whan was ACPI renamed to American Institute of Planners (AIP)? | 1939 |
| When was the Serviceman's Readjustment Act (GI bill) passed? | 1944 |
| What was the GI bill? | Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms, thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs |
| When and where was teh first state redevelopment act passed? | 1945 - PA |
| When did construction of Park Forest, IL & Levittown, NY begin? | 1947 |
| Who was the first American City to adopt a new comp plan following WW II? When? | Cincinnatti - 1948 |
| When was the Housing Act passed (Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill)? | 1949 |
| What was the Housing Act (Taft Bill)? | First comprehensive housing legislation aimed to construct 800,000 units - inaugurated urban redevelopment program |
| When was the National Trust for Historic Preservation created and chartered by Congress? | 1949 |
| What was the US House Act of 1949? | First US federal urban redevelopment |
| When was Berman vs. Parker? | 1954 |
| What was Berman vs. Parker? | US supreme Court upholds right of DC Redevelopment Land Agency to condemen properties that are unsightly, though non-deteriorated, if required to achieve objective of duly established area redevelpment plan |
| When did the Council of Government (COG) Movement begin? where? | 1954 - Detroit |
| What was the US House Act of 1954? | First Fed conservation and rehabilitation program and first federal 50/50 funding for preparation of general plans ("701") |
| When was "Image of the City" published? Who wrote it? | 1960 by Kevin Lynch |
| Who was the first state to institue statewide zoning? when? | Hawaii - 1961 |
| When was "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" written? by who? | 1961 by Jane Jacobs |
| What was "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" about? | includees critique of planning and planners |
| When was the first federal housing subsidy program? | 1961 ["221-d(3)"] |
| when was the first zoning ordinance for a major US city that introduced "flexible" controls (such as FAR)? | 1961 - New York City |
| When was Columbia, MD established? | 1963 |
| What is special about Columbia, MD? | situated halfway bewteen WA and Baltimore, features some class integration and the neighborhood principle |
| When was the Civil Rights Act? | 1964 - outlaws discrimination on the base of race, creed, and national roigin in places of public accommodation |
| When was the "Urban General Plan" written? by who? | 1964 by T.J. Kent |
| Who was the 1st Sec of the new US Dept. of Housing & Urban Development? when was he assigned? | Robert C. Weaver - 1965 |
| When was the Dept. of Housing & Urban Dev created? | 1965 |
| When was the National Historic Preservation Act passed? | 1966 |
| What was the National Historic Preservation Act? | establishes the National Register of Historic Places & provides, through Sec 106, for the protection of preservation-worthy sites & prop. threatened by federal activities |
| What councils and officers were created from the Nat'l Historic Preservation Act? | national Advisory Council on Histroic Preservation and each state must appt. State Histoic Preservation Officer (SHPO) |
| What launched the "model cities" program? and when? | The Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act in 1966 |
| What was the "model cities" program? | an interdisciplianry attack on urban blight and poverty; centerpiece of Pres. Lyndon Jphnson's "Great Society" program |
| When was "Design with Nature" published? written by who? | 1969 by Ian McHarg |
| What was "Design with Nature" about? | linking planning to the natural environment |
| When was the National Environmental Policy Act passed? | 1969 |
| What is the National Environmental Policy Act? | an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment |
| When was the Federal Environmental Protection Agency established? | 1970 |
| Why was the Federal Environmental Protection Agency established? | to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act |
| When was the transfer of development rights (TDR) concept introduced? | 1971 in Chicago |
| Golden vs. Planning Board of Ramapo | 1972 - NY high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth |
| When was the 1st Federal Revenue sharing program? | 1972 |
| When was the 1st national land-use legislation introduced? | 1972 but it was later aborted |
| When was the first rapid transit system built? where? | 1972, San Francisco Bay Area (BART - Bay Area Rapid Transit) |
| What is rapid transit system? | fast center-to-center service |
| When did Sen. Jackson propose national land-use legislation? Why? | 1972 - to protect natural resources and undeveloped land |
| When did the Housing and Community Development Act replace the categorical grant with the block grant as the principal form of federal aid for local community development? | 1974 |
| What did the Housing and Community Development Act do? | eliminated categorical grants, created block grants |
| When did American Institue of Planners (AIP) merge with American Society of Planning Officals? | 1978 it became APA |
| Penn Central Transportation Co vs. City of New York | 1978 - US Supreme Court Uphelds NYC Landmark Preservation Law as applied to Grand Central Terminal. The court found that baring some development of air rights was not a taking when the interior of the property could be put to lucrative use |
| Who was the first state to institue statewide zoning and when? | Hawaii in 1978 |
| When did the "Reagan Revolution" begin? | 1980 |
| What was the "Reagan Revolution"? | Planning profession challenged to adapt to a new policy environemnt: reduced federal domestic spending, privatization, deregulation, etc. Phase-out of some earlier aids ro planning (e.g. sewer grants) and planning programs (e.g. "Title V Regions") |
| Case focusing on Mt. Laurel, New Jersey | 1983 - NJ Supreme Court rules that all 567 municipalities in the state must build their "fair share" of affordable housing. A precedent-setting decision against racial segregation |
| First English Evangelical Lutheran Church vs. County of Los Angeles | 1987 |
| Nollan vs. California Coastal Commission | 1988 - Supreme Court finds that even a temporary taking requires compensation. Finds that land-use restrictions, to be valid, must be tied directly to a specific public purpose |
| When was ISTEA passed? | 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act |
| What were key parts of ISTEA? | included provision for National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which include Histroic Preservation Component |
| What was the first Fed transportation law to mandate planning? | ISTEA in 1991 |
| Lucas vs. South Carolina Coastal Council | 1992 - US Supreme Court limits local and state government's ability to restrict private property without compensation |
| Dolan vs. City of Tygard | 1994 - US Supreme Court rules that a jurisdiction must show that there is a rough proportionality between the adverse impacts of a proposed development and teh exactions it wishes to impose on the developer |
| When did President Clinton create eight new national monuments in five western states? | 2000-2001 |
| What are the 8 new national monuments? | Canyons of the Ancients (CO), Cascade-Siskiyou (OR), Hanford Reach (WA), Ironwood Forest Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (AZ), Grand Sequoi, CA Coastal. Expanded Pinnacle national monument in CA. |
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tmneal