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Biology-4.1 IGCSE

Biology flashcards for section 4.1 of syllabus. Double Award

QuestionAnswer
List the chemical elements that make up Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made up from Hydrogen,Carbon and Oxygen.
List the chemical elements that make up Proteins. Proteins are made up from Nitrogen and some may contain Sulphur.
List the chemical elements that make up Fats. Fats are made up from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen, just like Carbohydrates.
Large molecule structures are made from smaller basic units. Simple sugars make up Starch and Glycogen. Amino acids make up Protein. Fatty acids and glycerol make up fats and oils.
Test for Starch. Adding Iodine solution to a substance or mixture will determine if it contains starch if the iodine turns dark purple.
Test for Reducing sugars. Adding Benedicts solution to a substance or mixture will determine if reducing sugars are present if the benedicts solution turns Orange.
Test for Protein. Adding Biuret to a solution or mixture will determine if Protein is present if the solution turns purple.
Test for Fats Adding Ethanol to a solution will determine if Fats are present if a white substance is formed at the top of the solution.
Main sources and importance of Carbohydrates. Main Sources: Grains, Rice, Seeds, Fruits. Carbohydrates are a source of energy and are found in every living thing.
Main sources and importance of Proteins. Main Sources: Meat,Fish,Eggs, Soya Beans. Proteins act as catalysts, they transport molecules and are used as defence against disease.
Main sources and importance of Vitamins C and D. Vitamin C: Cherries, citrus fruits. Maintains energy supplies needed for respiration at a normal level. Vitamin D: Fish liver oil. Deficiency of this Vitamin could cause Rickets (softens bones).
Main sources and importance of Calcium. Main Sources: Milk, Cheese, Fish. No calcium could result in weak bones and teeth, poor clotting of blood and uncontrolled muscle contractions.
Main sources and importance of Iron. Main Sources: Red Meat, Liver, Spinach. If there is no Iron present, Haemoglobin for red blood cells cant be produced.
Main sources and importance of Fiber. Main Sources: Bread, Grain, Cereal. Fiber stretches the muscles of the gut and prevents bowel cancer and constipation.
Main sources and importance of Water. Main Sources: Lettuce, Drinks, Metabolic Processes. Water makes up 70% of the body, it replaces lost sweat, urin, faeces and exhaled air.
Why are microorganisms used in the making of Yogurt and what do they do? Why are microorganisms used in the making of Yogurt and what do they do?
Created by: SophieF
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