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STC-BusinessNow Ch10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Leadership | Creating a vision for others to follow, establishing corporate values and ethics, and transforming the way the organization does business in order to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. |
| Formal leadership | Someone has been given authority to make decisions or lead a group. |
| Informal leadership | Someone does not have official authority but recognized as a leader by the group. |
| Task leader | A leader who plans activities and helps keep the group on task. |
| Social leader | A leader who ensures everyone in the group is getting along and agrees with the direction the group is going. |
| Transformational leader | A leader who can transform the ideas if employees through inspiration charisma, and a shared vision. |
| Transactional leader | A leader who gets people to do things by providing structure and guidelines based on the exchange process. |
| Motivation | The drive to satisfy a need. |
| Intrinsic reward | The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and achieve goals. |
| Extrinsic reward | A reward given to an employee, such as a promotion or pay raise. |
| Maslow’s hierarchy of needs | Theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. |
| Hawthorne effect | The tendency of people to behave differently when they know they are being studied. |
| Time and motion studies | Studies of the tasks performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task. |
| Scientific management | Studying workers to find the most efficient process and then teaching people those techniques. |
| Principle of motion economy | A theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions. |
| Motivators | Job factors that cause employees to be productive and give them satisfaction. |
| Hygiene factors | Job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but do not necessarily motivate employees if increased. |
| Job rotation | A motivational technique that involves moving employees from one job to another. |
| Job enlargement | A motivational technique that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging assignment. |
| Job enrichment: | A motivational strategy that involves making the job more interesting. |
| Goal-setting theory | The idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance. |
| Management by objectives (MBO) | A system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and mid-level managers, supervisors, and employees. |
| Reinforcement theory | The idea that positive and negative reinforcement motivate a person to behave in certain ways. |
| Equity theory | The idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions. |
| Empowerment | To give power or authority; to grant employees the ability and trust to make decisions. |
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