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RADT316-foot/ankle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| total number of bones in the foot | 26 |
| total number of phalanges in foot | 14 |
| total number of metatarsals in foot | 5 |
| total number of tarsals | 7 |
| common trauma site in the foot | tuberosity of 5th metatarsal |
| mneumonic for tarsal bones | come to colorado (the) next three christmases |
| name all of the tarsal bones | calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms |
| largest and strongest bone of the foot | calcaneus |
| 2nd larges and strongest bone of the foot | talus |
| top surface of the foot | dorsum |
| inferior surface of the foot | plantar |
| 2 arches of the foot | longitudinal and transverse |
| purpose of the arches of the foot | provide shock absorbing support for the weight of the body |
| movement of IP joints | ginglymus or hinge = flexion & extension |
| movement of MTP joints | modified ellipsoidal or condyloid = flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction |
| movement of TMT joints | plane or gliding |
| movement of intertarsal joints | plane or gliding |
| movement of ankle joint | sellar - dorsiflexion and plantar flexion only |
| movement of distal tib/fib | fibrous-amphiarthroidal |
| motion of the foot where the toes are pulled toward the head | dorsiflexion |
| motion of the foot where the toes are pointed away from the head | plantar flexion |
| movement of the foot where foot is flexed medially | inversion |
| another name for inversion | varus |
| amovement of the foot where the foot is flexed laterally | eversion |
| another name for eversion | valgus |
| SID for foot radiography | 40 |
| what should be used if more than one view is to be placed on the same IR | lead masking |
| angle used to image the toes that allows for open joint visualization | 10-15 degree posterior |
| CR enters here for toe radiography | MTP joint |
| alternative to using CR angulation on toe radiography | 15 degree wedge with perpendicular ray |
| if central ray is not aligned to the joint space (angled), what will happen? | joint spaces may appear closed if not centered and/or angled correctly to the joint |
| oblique used for 1st, 2nd or 3rd toe | medial rotation |
| oblique used for 4th and 5th toe | lateral rotation |
| degree of obliquity for AP oblique toe | 30-45 degree |
| lateral used for 1st to 3rd toe | lateromedial |
| lateral used for 4th and 5th toe | mediolateral |
| best position to image sesamoid bones | prone |
| small round bones beneath the head of the first metatarsal | sesamoid bones |
| amount of dorsiflexion necessary for sesamoid bones | plantar surface should form 15-20 degree angle from vertical |
| CR should be angled to what for an AP foot | perpendicular to metatarsals |
| approximately what degree of angle is used for AP foot | 10 |
| CR for AP foot | base of 3rd metatarsal |
| degree of obliquity for AP oblique foot medial rotation | 30-40 |
| what does the medial rotation oblique foot demonstrate | 3rd through 5th metatarsals free of superimposition and cuboid |
| Jones fracture would be best demonstrated on what foot position? | medial oblique foot |
| degree of rotation for a lateral oblique foot | 30 |
| why is there less degree of rotation on the lateral oblique foot compared to the medial oblique foot? | due to the natural arch of the foot |
| what is demonstrated on the lateral oblique | 1st and 2nd metatarsal, interspaces between cuneiferms, navicular |
| which lateral of the foot is used most often? | mediolateral |
| which lateral of the foot is recommended to get a TRUE lateral? | lateromedial |
| CR for lateral of the foot | level of the base of third metatarsal |
| what can you do to keep foot from overrotating in the lateral position | place sponge under knee |
| view of the foot where the metatarsals will be superimposed | lateral |
| what view of the foot will demonstrate longitudinal arches? | lateral weight-bearing |
| how much CR angle is used on an AP weight-bearing foot | 15 degree |
| pathology demonstrating a well-circumscribed lucency | bone cyst |
| pathology demonstrating bone destrruction with calcifications in the cartilaginous tumor | chondrosarcoma |
| pathology demonstarting ill-defined area of bone destruction with surrounding "onion peel" (layers of periosteal reaction) | ewing's sarcoma |
| pathology demonstrating uric acid deposits in joint space; destruction of joint space | gout |
| pathology demonstrating abnormal separation or avulsion fx between base of first and second metatarsals and cuneiforms | lisfranc injury |
| pathology demonstrating mixed areas of sclerotic and cortical thickening and lytic or radiolucent lesions; cotton wool appearance | paget's disease |
| pathology demonstrating asymmetric erosion of joint spaces; calcaneus erosion, usually bilateral | reiter syndrome |
| calcaneus articulates with this bone anteriorly | cuboid |
| calacneus articulates with this bone superiorly | talus |
| superior articulation with the talus is termed the: | subtalar joint |
| the opening in the middle of the subtalar joint | sinus tarsi |
| the facets of the calcaneus that make up the subtalar joint | posterior, middle and anterior |
| angle of CR for AP Axial Plantodorsal calacaneus | 40 |
| you should generally center the calcaneus over this part of the film to project onto the center of the film | lower half |
| CR enters here for a plantodoral axial calcaneus | base of third metatarsal |
| dorsoplantar axial projection is done in the ____ position | prone |
| CR is angled ____ degrees for the dorsoplantar axial projection | 40 |
| CR EXITS here for the dorsoplantar projection | base of the 3rd metatarsal |
| CR enters here for lateral calcaneus | 1" distal to medial malleolus (subtalar joint) |
| oblique calcaneus should be postioned similar to what other oblique | oblique foot medial rotation |
| how much kV increase should be used for small to medium plaster casts | 5-7 kV |
| the lateral malleolus is part of which bone? | fibula |
| the medial malleolus is part of which bone | tibia |
| the fibular sits more _____than the tibia | posteriorly |
| true/false: the malleoli will be superimposed on at TRUE lateral | false |
| the intermalleolar plane forms what degree of angle with the midcoronal plane? | 15-20 |
| true/false: you should FORCE DORSIFLEXION if you patient is unable to fully dorsiflex on his/her own | FALSE! |
| what is demonstarted on an AP ankle? | only medial and superior aspect of ankle joint open |
| the 45 degree oblique ankle is useful for demonstrating what joint space? | tibia/fibula |
| what else should be included at some facilities on the 45 degree oblique ankle? | base of the fifth metatarsal for visualization possible fractures |
| CR enters here for a mediolateral ankle | medial malleolus |
| CR enters here for a lateromedial ankle | half inch superior to lateral malleolus |
| in a true lateral the lateral malleolus will be superimposed over the _________. | posterior half of tibia |
| what degree of obliquity is used for an AP mortise view of the ankle? | 15-20 |
| If you do not rotate medially enough on an AP mortise view, what will not be open? | lateral joint space |
| what do the stress views of the ankle demonstrate? | joint separation or legament tear or other soft tissue injuries |
| how is the CR directed for an AP oblique foot? | perpendicular |
Created by:
hschmuck1