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Criminology Part One
CJ 111 Chapters 1-3
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| People choose to commit crime after weighing the benefits and costs of their actions. Crime can be deterred by certain, severe, and swift punishment. | Classical Theory |
| Some people have biological and mental traits that make them crime prone. These traits are inherited and are present at birth. Mental and physical degeneracies are the cause of crime. | Positivist Theory |
| Crime is a function of class struggle. The capitalist system's emphasis on competition and wealth produces an economic and social environment in which crime is inevitable. | Marxist/Conflict Theory |
| A person's place in the social structure determines his or her behavior. A lack of legitimate opportunities produces criminal subcultures. Socialization within the family, the school, and the peer group controls the behavior. | Sociological Theory |
| Crime is a function of environmental, socialization, physical, and psychological factors. Each makes an independent contribution to shaping and directing behavior patterns. | Multifactor/Integrated Theory |
| People who are crime victims may be more likely to commit crime themselves. | Cycle of Violence |
| A serious offense that carries a penalty of imprisonment, usually for one year or more. | Felony |
| A minor crime usually punished by a short jail term and/ or a fine. | Misdemeanor |
| The willful killing of one human being by another. Deaths caused by negligence, attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, and justifiable homicides are excluded. | Murder and Nonnegligent Manslaughter |
| The killing of another person through gross negligence. Traffic fatalities are excluded. Although manslaughter by negligence is a part 1 crime, it is not included in the crime index. | Manslaughter by Negligence |
| The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Included are rapes by force and attempts or assaults to rape. Statutory offenses (no force used - victim under age of consent) are excluded. | Forcible Rape |
| The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. | Robbery |
| An unlawful attack by one person ypon another for the purpose of inflicting sever or aggravated bodily injury. | Aggravated Assault |
| The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft. Attempted forcible entry is included. | Burglary/Breaking or Entering |
| The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. | Larceny/Theft |
| The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. Specifically excluded from this category are motorboats, airplanes, construction equipment, and farming equipment. | Motor Vehicle Theft |
| Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burnk with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle, or aircraft, personal property of another, or the like | Arson |
| Includes both crimes reported to local law enforcement departments and the number of arrests made by police agencies. | (UCR) Uniform Crime Report |
| Criminal acts such as sex crimes, drug trafficking, and vandalism. | Part II crimes |
| Criminal acts such as Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, arson, and motor vehicle theft | Part I Crimes |
| A program that collects data on each reported crime incident. | National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) |
| The process of selecting for study a limited number of subjects who are representative of entire groups sharing similar characteristics. | Data Sampling |
| When a survey is representative of all members of society. | Cross-Sectional Survey |
| A comprehensive nationwide survey of victimization in the US. | National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) |
| Descriptions in detail of their recent and lifetime participation in criminal activity. | Self-Report Surveys |
| Involves observing a group of people who share a like characteristic over time. | Cohort |
| Because it is extremely difficult, expensive, and time-consuming to follow a cohort over time, another approach is to take an intact cohort from the past and collect data from their educational, family, police, and hospital records. | Retrospective Cohort Study |
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Cbarr22
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