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Quiz 3
Procedures2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the cranium? | 8 |
| How many facial bones are there? | 14 |
| How many bones are in the skull? | 22 |
| What are the names of the Cranial Bones? | Frontal,Occipital,Ethmoid,Sphenoid, R. Parietal,L. Parietal, R. Temporal, L. Temporal |
| What are the 4 bones that make up the skullcap of the cranium called the calvaria? | Frontal,R. Parietal,L. Parietal & Occipital |
| What bones make up the floor of the cranium? | R. Temporal,L. Temporal, Sphenoid & Ethmoid |
| Which 4 bones articulate with the Frontal Bone? | L. Parietal, R. Parietal, Sphenoid & Ethmoid |
| What are the two parts of the Frontal Bones? | Squamous (Vertical) & Orbital (Horizontal) |
| What bones articulate with the Parietal Bone? | Frontal,Temporal,Sphenoid,Occipital & opposite Parietal |
| What bones does the Occipital Bone articulate with? | L. Parietal, R. Parietal, L. Temporal, R. Temporal, Sphenoid & Atlas |
| What are the two parts of the Occipital Bone? | Squamous (over) & Condylar (Under) |
| What are the 3 bones that have Squamous Portions? | Temporal, Occipital & Frontal |
| What are the 3 parts of the Temporal bone? | Squamous, Mastoid & Petrous |
| What bones does the Temporal Bone articulate with? | Parietal, Occipital & Sphenoid |
| What is the most vunerable part of the skull? | Squamous |
| What portion houses organs of hearing & equilibruim? | Petrous |
| What is the hardest portion of the skull? | Petrous |
| Anchor of the Cranial bones | Sphenoid |
| How many bones does the Sphenoid articulate with? | 7 |
| What bones does the Ethmoid bone articulate with? | Frontal & Shenoid |
| What are the Cranial Sutures? | Coronal,Lambdoidal,Squamosal & Sagittal |
| What are the Cranial Junction points? | Asterion, Bragma, Lambda & Pterion |
| Where does the Coronal Suture run from? | Frontal from 2 Parietals |
| Where does the Lamdoidal Suture run? | Occipital from parietals |
| Where does the Squamosal Suture run? | Temporal & Parietal |
| Where does the Sagittal Suture rum? | Coronal to Lambdoidal Suture ( Separates 2 Parietals) |
| How many Fontanels does an Infant have? | 6 |
| Where are the infant Fontanels? | Anterior & Posterior, R and L Sphenoid & R & L Mastoid |
| What happens to the Fontanels in an adult? | They become Cranial Junction points |
| What do you call a skull that's width is between 75-80% of its length? | Mesocephalic |
| What do you call a skull that's width is % or more of its length? | Brachycephalic |
| What do you call a skull that's width is less than 75% of its length? | Dolichochalic |
| Another name for skull-cap | Calvaria |
| What formations does the Frontal Bone contribute to? | Forehead and Superior part of each orbit |
| What is another name for the Orbital protion of the Frontal Bone? | Horizontal Portion |
| What is another name for the Squamous portion of the Frontal Bone? | Vertical Portion |
| The Squamous or vertical portion of the Frontal Bone forms the___________? | Forehead |
| The Orbital or Horizontal portion to the Frontal Bone forms the_______________? | Superior part of the Orbit |
| What is the name of the smooth raised prominence between the eyebrows just above the bridge of the nose? | Glabella |
| What is the name of the slight depression above each eyebrow? | Supraorbital Groove (SOG) |
| Why is the Supraorbital Groove an important landmark? | it corresponds to the floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault |
| What is the name of the Superior rim of each orbit? | Supraorbital Margin (SOM) |
| What is the name of the small hole or opening within the Supraorbital marin slightly medial to it's midpoint? | Supraorbital notch |
| What passes through the Supraorbital notch? | Supraorbital nerve & artery |
| Large round prominence on each side of the squamous protion of the frontal bone above the supraorbital groove | Frontal Tuberosity (Eminence) |
| What does the orbital portion of the frontal bone consist of? | Supraorbital Margins, Supraciliary ridges,glabella and frontal Tuberosities |
| wHAT FORMS THE sUPERIOR PART OF EACH ORBIT? | Orbital Plate |
| What separates each orbital plate? | Ethmoidal Notch |
| How many facial bones does the frontal bone articulate with? | 8 |
| Where is the widest portion of the entire skull located? | Between the Parietal Tubercles (Emininces)of the two Parietal Bones |
| What is another name for the External Occipital Protuberance? | Inion |
| What is the name of the prominent bump or protuberance at the inferiorposterior portion of the skull? | External Occipital Protuberance or Inion |
| What is the name of the large opening at the base of the Occipital bone through which the Spinal cord passes? | Foramen Magnum |
| What does Foramen Magnum mean? | Great hole |
| What are the two lateral, oval processes on each side of the Foramen Magnim? | Occipital Condyles |
| What do the Occipital Condyles Articulate with? | atlas |
| What is the name of the articulation with the Occipital Condyles & the Atlas? o | Atlantooccipital Joint |
| What bones house the organs of hearing and balance? | R & L Temporal |
| What two bones is the Temporal Bone situated inbetween? | Greater wing of the Sphenoid (Anteriorly) & Occipital Bone (posteriorly) |
| What is the name of the Arch of bone extending anteriorly from the Squamous portion of the Temporal bone? | Zygomatic Process |
| What two n=bones form the Zygomatic arch? | Zygomatic process of the Temporal Bone & Temporal process of the Zygomatic bone |
| What is the name of the slender bony projection that is inferior to the Mandible and anterior to the EAM? | Styloid process |
| What are the other names for the Petrous portion of the Temporal bone? | Petrous Pyramid, Petromastoid portion or Pars Petrosa |
| what does the Petrous portion of the Temporal Bone house? | Organs of hearing and equilibrium |
| What is the name of the upper border or ridge of the Petrous Pyramids? | Petrous Ridge or Petrous Apex |
| What important external Landmark does the Petrous Ridge correspond to? | TEA (Top of Ear) |
| What is the name of the opening near the center of the Petrous Pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the Jugular Foramen? | Internal Acoustic Meatus |
| What opening transmits the nerves of hearing and equilibrium? | Internal Acoustic Meatus |
| What is the name of the central depression on the body of the Sphenoid bone? | Sella Turcica |
| The Sella Turcica protects what major gland? | Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis Cerebri) |
| Name for the portion of the Sphenoid posterior to the Sella Turcica (back of the Saddle) | Dorsum Sellae |
| The shallow depression that begins on the posterior aspect of the Dorsum Sellae | Clivus |
| What forms the base of support for the Pons and basilar artery? | Clivus |
| The line that connects the pupils or the outer canthi of the patients eyes | Interpupillary Line |
| The midline point at the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum | Acanthion |
| The lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible | Gonion |
| The large flap of ear made of cartilage | Auricle or Pinna |
| Small cartilage flap that covers the ear | Tragus |
| Junctions or upper and lower eyelids | Canthi |
| where the eyelids meet near the nose | Inner canthus |
| lateral junction or the eyelids | Outer canthus |
| Center point of the opening of the external ear | Auricular Point |
| line between the Glabella and the EAM | Glabellomeatal line |
| Line between outer Canthus and EAM | orbitomeatal Line |
| Line that connects the infraorbital margin to the EAM | Infraorbitomeatal Line |
| Line from the junction of the lips and the EAM | Lips-Meatal Line |
| line that connects the Glabella to a point at the anterior aspect of the alveolar process of the maxilla | Glabelloalveolar Line |
| Thin plate of bone that forms the roof of the antrum, aditus, and attic area of the Tympanic Cavity | Tegmen Tympani |
| Smallest bones in the body | Auditory Ossicles |
| Name the auditory Ossicles | Malleus, Incus & Stapes |
| Malleus | Hammer |
| Incus | Tooth or Anvil |
| Stapes | Stirrup |
| 5 common positioning errors | Rotation, Tilt, Excessive flexion, Excessive Extension & incorrect CR Angle |
| The facial bone that helps form the bony nasal septum | Vomer Bone |
| Another name for the inferior Nasal Conchae | Turbinates |
| The process of the Maxilla found along the inferior aspect of the body of each Maxilla | alveolar |
| The only movable joint in the skull | Temporomandibular joint |
| The long axis of each orbit forms a 37 degree angle with the ________ | Mid Sagittal plane |
| What are the bony projections that arise from the posterior aspect of the Lesser Wings? | Anterior Clinoid Processes |
| Which Clinoids extend superiorly from the Dorsum Sellae? | Posterior Clinoid processes |
| What are the irregularly shaped openings on the Sphenoid bone that are slightly lateral and posterior to the Optic Foramina? | Superior Orbital Fissures |
| What part of the Sphenoid helps form the lateral walls of the Nasal Cavities? | Pterygoid Processes |
| What is often the only clue that a lesion exist intracranially? | Deformity of the Sella Turcica |
| How many Facial Bones does the Sphenoid Articulate with? | 5 |
| The small upper horizontal portion of the Ethmoid Bone | Cribriform Plate |
| What passes through the Cribriform Plate? | Olfactory Nerves |
| Where did the name Crista Galli derive from? | Roosters Comb |
| What part of the Ethmoid bone forms the bony nasal septum? | Perpendicular Plate |
| What is the name of the two lateral masses that suspend from the under surface of the cribriform plate? | Lateral Labyrinths |
| What do the Lateral Labyrinths do? | contain the ethmoid air cells, help to form the medial walls of the orbit and lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
| What are the thin scroll shaped projections of bones that extend from the medial wall of each Labyrinth? | Superior and middle nasal conchae |
| Another name for the conchae | Turbinates |
| How many facial bones does the Ethmoid articulate with? | 11 |
| Is the Ethmoid anterior or posterior to the Sphenoid bone? | Anterior |
| What forms the upper portion of the bony nasal septum? | Perpendicular plate |
| What are the small pointed processes at the bottom of the pterygoid processes? | pterygoid hamulus |
| The anterior end of the Sagittal Suture | Bregma |
| The posterior end of the Sagittal Suture | Lambda |
| Points at the junction of the parietals, temporals and greater wing of the Sphenoid | Pterions |
| Points posterior to the ear where the squamosal and lamdoidal sutures meet | Asterions |
| certain regions that are slower where sutures join | Fontanels |
| When do the cranial sutures completely close? | 12 or 13 |
| Which fontanel is the largest? | Anterior |
| Certain small, irregular bones that sometimes develop in adult sutures | Sutural or Wormian |
| Where are the Sutural or Wormian bones mostly found? | lambdoidal suture or posterior fontanel |
| What are the 3 divisions of the ear? | External, middle & internal |
| What are the 3 main parts of the middle ear? | Tympanic Membrane,Auditory ossicles & Tympanic cavity |
| What serves as a partition between the external and middle ear? | Tympanic membrane |
| What are the 2 parts of the tympanic cavity? | Tympanic cavity proper & attic or epitympanic recess |
| What is the larger part of the tympanic cavity? | Tympanic cavity recess |
| What part of the Tympanic Cavity is above the external Auditory meatus and the ear drum? | Attic or Epitympanic recess |
| What separates the external Acoustic Meatus and the epitympanic recess? | Drum Crest or Spur |
| How does the Tympanic cavity communicate with the nasopharynx? | Eustachian tube or Auditory tube |
| Passageway between the middle ear and nasopharynx that serves to equalize pressure witin the middle ear & atmospheric air | Eustachian Tube |
| A 5-10 degree CR caudad angle to the Orbitomeatal line projects the Petrous Ridges where? | Midorbital Level |
| What is the 2nd direct communication to the middle ear? | Mastoid Air cells |
| The opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid portion of the Temporal Bone | Aditus |
| Most lateral of the Ossicles | Malleus |
| What part of the ear contains the essential apparatus for hearing & Equilibrium? | internal ear |
| Wat are the 2 parts of the internal ear? | osseous or bony labyrinth & membranous labyrinth |
| 3 parts of the Osseous Labyrinth | cochlea, vestibule & semicircular canals |
| most anterior of the 3 parts of the osseous Labyrinth | Cochlea |
| What are the names of the 3 semicircular canals? | superior, posterior & Lateral |
| What part of the osseous relates to direction? | Semicircular Canals |
| What part of the Osseous relates to hearing? | Cochlea |
| Short broad head | brachycephalic |
| lonf narow head | dolichocephalic |
| What is the angle difference between the petrous pyramids & midsagittal plane on a mesocephalic head? | 47degrees |
| What is the angle difference between the petrous pyramids & midsagittal plane on a Dolichocephalic head? | less than 47 degrees |
| Another name for interpupillary line | Interorbital line |
| highest level of facial bone mass, level of the floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault | Supraorbital groove |
| 3 landmarks that contribute to the base of the orbit | Supraorbital margin,infraorbital margin & midlateral orbital margin |
| what are the older terms for infraorbitomeatal line? | Reids base line or anthropologic base line |
| How much difference exist between the angles of the orbitomeatal line and infraorbiomeatal line? | 7-8 degrees |
| Inferosuperior Axial Hip | Danelius-Miller Method |
| Another name for the AP Axial of the Skull Series | Towne Method |
| What are the projections for the Skull Series? | AP Axial (Towne Method), Lateral, PA Axial 15 degree (Caldwell), PA 0 degree & PA Axial (Haas |
| CR for the AP Axial Towne Method if the OML is PP to IR | 30 degrees Caudad to OML 2 1/2" above the GLabella |
| CR for the AP Axial Towne Method if the IMOL is PP to the IR | 37 degrees to IMOL 2 1/2" above the Glabella |
| What is the Criteria for the AP Axial Towne Method? | Dorsum Sellae & Posterior Clinoids projected within the Foramen Magnum. Petrous Ridges Symmetric |
| What structures are shown on the AP Axial Towne Method? | Occipital Bone, Petrous Pyramids, Dorsum Sellae & Posterior Clinoids |
| What does underangulation of the CR on the Towne Method demonstrate? | Dorsum Sellae above the Foramen Magnum |
| What does overangulation of the CR on the Towne Method demonstrate? | The anterior arch of C1 into the Foramen Magnum |
| What is the max angle for the AP Axial Towne Trauma? | 45 degrees |
| What line is PP to the IR on the Lateral Skull? | Interpupillary line |
| How do you check for tilt on the Lateral Skull? | Interpupillary line PP to IR |
| How do you make sure there is no flexion on the lateral skull? | IOML PP to the front edge of the IR |
| Where is the Cr for the Lateral Skull? | 2" superior to EAM |
| How can you tell if there is Rotation on the Lateral Skull image? | Anterior and Posterior Separation of EAMS, mandibular Rami & Mastoid processes |
| How can you tell if there is tilt on the Lateral Skull image? | Superior and inferior separation of orbital roofs(plates), mandibular bodies |
| What structures are shown on the Lateral Skull? | Anterior and Posterior Clinoids, Dorsum Sellae, Sella Turcica & CLivus in profile |
| Why would the back of the skull be clipped if you placed the skull on the table | Beam divergence |
| What is necessary to visualize intercranial air-fluid levels on the Lateral Trauma Skull? | Horizontal Beam |
| Where is the Cr for to PA Axial Caldwell? | 15 degrees caudad exiting at the Nasion |
| What is the criteria for the PA Axial 15 degrees caldwell? | Petrous Ridges into lower 1/3 of orbits |
| How can you tell if there is no rotation on the PA Axial 15 degrees Caldwell? | equal distance from midlateral orbital margins to lateral cranium |
| Where is the CR for the AP "reverse" Caldwell? | 15 degrees cephalad to OML |
| Where is the CR for the PA 0 degree skull series projection? | Glabella |
| What is the criteria for the 0 degree PA projection of the Skull? | Petrous ridges fill the orbits and fill superior orbital region. Posteriior and interior clinoids superior to ethmoid sinuses |
| HOw is the IOML positioned with the IR on the SMV projection? | Parallel to the IR |
| Where is the CR on the IMOV projection? | PP to IOML & 1 1/2" inferior to the mandibular Symphysis |
| What structures are shown on the SMV projection? | Mandible, Posterior Ethmoid, Sphenoid and maxillary sinuses, mastoid processes, petrous ridges, hard palate, foramen magnum & Occipital bone |
| Where is the CR for the Haas Method? | 25 degrees cephalad centered to MSP to pass through the level of the EAMs exiting 1 1/2" superior to nasion |
| What is the criteria for the PA axial Haas? | Dorsum Sellae appears larger within foramen magnum, magnification of occipital bone |
| How much of the Humerus should be visualized on the Trauma Laterammedial projection? | distal 2/3 |
| Where do you position the CR for an above diaphragm projection of the ribs with the patient Supine? | 3-4" below jugular notch |
| Where do you position for a below diaphragm AP projection of the Ribs? | bottom of light at light Iliac Crest |
| If the patient can be moved how much do you rotate them for the oblique ribs? | 30-45 injured side down |
| If the patient cannot move how much do you angle the tube for the oblique ribs? | 30-40 degrees midiolaterally with crosswise grid |
| What is a common trauna projection for the ankle? | AP Mortise |
| Where is the CR for the AP Mortise projection? | Lateromedial to be PP to the Intermalleolar plane (15-20 degree angle to long axis of foot) |
Created by:
Sukioshii