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Bessemer Process
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Transcontinental Railroad
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Us history 2 chap 6
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bessemer Process | A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850 |
| Transcontinental Railroad | A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869 |
| Credit Mobilier | A construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad, who used It to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves |
| Munn v. Illinois | An 1877 case is which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulation of railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest |
| Interstate Commerce Act | A law, enacted in 1887, that established the federal government's right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so. |
| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | A labor organization for unskilled workers, formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905 |
| Social Darwinism | an economic and social philosophy-supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | a law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | an alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886 |
| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | labor union for unskilled workers formed by radical unionists and socialists in 1905 |
| Edwin Drake | successfully used a steam engine to pump for oil |
| Thomas Alva Edison | inventor who perfected the incandescent light and made electricity safer and less expensive |
| Christopher Sholes | invented the typewriter |
| Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone |
| George M. Pullman | railroad car mogul who built a town to house his employees |
| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel |
| John D. Rockefeller | created trusts and was criticized as a robber baron while serving as head of Standard Oil Company |
| Samuel Gompers | leader of the Cigar Makers' International Union who joined with other craft unions to create the American Federation of Labor |
| Mary Harris Jones | organized coal miners, their wives, and children to fight for better working conditions |
| Eugene V. Debs | organized the American Railway Union and later ran for president several times as a socialist |
| vertical integration | a company's taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product |
| horizontal integration | the merging of similar companies that make similar products to control the market |
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