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UVI MGT301 CH6
Robbins & Coulter 11ed- CH6- Managing Change & Innovation
Term | Definition | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
organizational change | any alteration of people, structure, or technology in an organization | |||||||
change agent | someone who acts as a catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the change process | |||||||
organizational development (od) | change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships | |||||||
stress | the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities | |||||||
stressors | factors that cause stress | |||||||
role conflicts | work expectations that are hard to satisfy | |||||||
role overload | having more work to accomplish than time permits | |||||||
role ambiguity | when role expectations are not clearly understood | |||||||
type A personality | people who have a chronic sense of urgency and an excessive competitive drive | |||||||
type B personality | people who relaxed and easy going and accept change easily | |||||||
creativity | the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas | |||||||
innovation | taking creative ideas and turning them into useful products or work methods | |||||||
idea champion | individuals who actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemennted | |||||||
calm waters metaphor | change is an occasional disruption in the normal flow of events and can be planned and managed as it happens | |||||||
white-water rapids metaphor | change is ongoing and managing it is a continual process | |||||||
lewin's 3-step model | change can be managed by unfreezing the status quo (old behaviors), changing to a new state, and refreezing the new behaviors | |||||||
changing structure | involves any changes in structural components or structural design | |||||||
changing technology | involves introducing new equipment, tools, or methods; automation, or computerization | |||||||
changing people | involves changing attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviors | |||||||
3 types of organizational change | structural, technology, and people | |||||||
reasons people resist change | uncertainty | habit | concern over personal loss | belief that the change is not in the organization's best interest | ||||
techniques for reducing resistance to change | education and communication | participation | facilitation and support | negotiation | manipulation and co-optation | coercion | ||
ways to facilitate change | manager's can do so by being positive role models | creating new stories, symbols, and rituals | selecting, promoting, and supporting employees who adopt the new values | redesigning socialization processes | changing the reward system | clearly specifying expectations | shaking up current subcultures | getting employees to participate in change |
reducing job-related stress | making sure an employee's abilities match the job requirements | improve organizational communications | use a performance planning program | redesign jobs | ||||
reducing personal stress factors | offer employee counseling, time management programs, and wellness programs | |||||||
important structural variables | organic-type structure | abundant resources | frequent communication between organizational units | minimal time pressure | support | |||
important cultural variables | accepting ambiguity | tolerating the impractical | keeping external controls minimal | tolerating risk | tolerating conflict | focusing on ends not means | using an open-system focus, providing positive feedback | being and empowering leader |
important human resource variables | high commitment to training and development | high job security | encouraging individuals to be idea champions | |||||
popular OD techniques | sensitivity training | team building | intergroup development | process consultation | survey feedback |