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9.20 Exam day 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many layers of peptidoglycan may Gram+ bacteria possess? | 40 layers |
| What other molecule do Gram+ bacteria contain? | Teichoic Acid and glycerol phosphates sugar alcohol |
| What membrane is found primarily in Gram- bacteria? | outer membrane - bilayer membrane |
| What does LPS stand for? | Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) |
| What is the lipid A portion of LPS responsible for in many Gram- bacteria? | toxic properties that make any gram-negative infection a potentially serious medical problem |
| Describe the cell wall of Gram- bacteria | peptidoglycan, layer lipopolysaccharide, lipids and or teichoic acid. cell wall outside the plasma membrane |
| What portions of the cell wall do Gram+ bacteria lack? | outer membrane /periplasmic space |
| How can bacteria be controlled by damaging the cell walls? | |
| What group of bacteria does not cell walls? | mycoplasma genus |
| What are endospores? How long may they survive? What types of bacteria produce endospores? | found in Bacillus and Clostridium. formed to protect bacterium from adverse conditions. resistant to drying, heat, radiation, bases, acids and certain disinfectants. may survive over 10K years |
| What structures are responsible for bacterial motility? | flagella |
| monotrichous- one flagella at one end Amphitrichous? one flagella at each end | Lophotrichous? 2 or more flagella each end. Peritrichous? flagella all over surface Atrichous - w/o flagella |
| Chemotaxis? | nonrandom movement of an organism toward or away from a chemical |
| Phototaxis? | nonrandom movement of an organism toward or away from light |
| Pili(pilus) | tiny hollow projection used to attach bacteria to surfaces (attachment to pilus) or for conjugation( conjugation pilus |
| Glycocalyx | substances containing polysaccharides found external to the cell wall |
| Capsule | protective structure secreted outside the cell wall by some bacteria. It helps to protect the bacteria. |
| Slime layer? | structure that protects the bacterium from drying, traps nutrients and helps it to bind to something. |
| C5. Metabolism. | sum of all chemical reactions carried out by living organisms |
| Anabolism | requires energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
| Catabolism? | reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones |
| Why is anabolism needed? | |
| Why is catabolism needed | |
| Oxidation | loss or removal of electrons. Energy is released. the lost electrons must be gained by another substance: a substance that gains these lost electrons is call an Oxidizing Agent |
| Reduction | element which loses electrons or is an electron donor |
| Autotrophy | "self-feeding". they produce their own food and use CO2 to synthesize organic molecules. PHOTOSYNTHESIS is a type of Autotrophic metabolism. |
| Heterotrophy? | "other feeding" - they get energy from food it eats. Get carbon from ready made molecules by feeding on other organisms living or dead |
| What do autotrophs use to synthesize organic molecules? | get carbon ready made molecules by feeding on other organisms living or dead |
| What are photoautotrophs? (c5.11) | Type of Autotroph. use light as a source of energy |
Created by:
ijuswannarn1
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