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science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| one sugar molecule per carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| two sugar molecule per carbohydrate | disaccharide |
| many sugar molecules per carbohydrate | polysaccharide |
| glucose fructose and galactose | monosaccharide |
| starch glycogen and cellulose | polysaccharide |
| sucrose lactose and maltose | disaccharide |
| ribose and deoxyribose | monosaccharide |
| energy storage polysaccharide in plants | starch |
| plant cell wall component | cellulose |
| milk sugar | lactose |
| found in the exoskeleton of insects | chitin |
| most common sugar on earth | glucose |
| table sugar | sucrose |
| energy storage polysaccharide in animal livers | glycogen |
| found in some nucleic acids | deoxyribose |
| liquid at room temperature | oils |
| cholesterol | sterol |
| 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol | triglycerides |
| contains all saturated fatty acids | fats |
| contains some unsaturated fatty acids | oils |
| energy storage product in animals | fats |
| energy storage lipid in some plants | oils |
| both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends on this molecule | phospholipids |
| has 4 fused honeycomb carbon ring structure | sterol |
| its the major component of cell membranes | phospholipids |
| protein that transport oxygen in animals | hemoglobin |
| dehydration synthesis of amino acids forms this | peptide bond |
| its different for every amino acid | radical |
| proteins that fight disease | antibodies |
| long chain of amino acids | polypeptides |
| structural proteins for hair nails horns tendons and ligaments | keratin, collagen |
| biochemical catalyst that control the rate of reaction | enzymes |
| alter the 3 dimensional shape of a protein | denature |
| proteins that allows glands to communicate with other organs | hormones |
| no other kind of atom can form the number and variety of molecules that __________ can because it can bond to 4 other atoms at the same time to make carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids and proteins | carbon |
| a ________ is made up of sugar a nitrogen base and a phosphate group | nucleotide |
| the nitrogen base found in dna but not rna is | thymine |
| lipids are different from other macromolecules because they | are hydrophobic and don't dissolve in water |
| glycogen cellulose and starch are all | polysaccharides |
| which 2 kinds of molecules combine to form cell membranes | phospholipids and proteins |
| adenine thymine guanine cytosine and uracil are all | nitrogen bases used to make nucleotides |
| which part of a phospholipid molecule is non polar and hydrophobic | the lipid(tails) |
| the 20 different ____________ used to make proteins differ in what is attached in their r group position | amino acids |
| _______ is a structural polysaccharide that makes plants sturdy | cellulose |
| one function of _________ is to provide insulation | fats |
| people with diabetes cant make ________ to control their blood sugar | insulin |
| made by joining amino acid subunits in long chains which provide a wide variety of functions in cells | proteins |
| made from carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio | carbohydrates |
| made from nucleotide subunits which store and carry information | nucleic acids |
| hydrophobic fats oils waxes and steroids made mainly from carbon an hydrogen atoms in long chains or multiple rings | lipids |
| # of sugars monosaccharides contain | 1 |
| # of sugars polysaccharides contain | many |
| 3 examples of monosaccharides | glucose fructose and galactose |
| 3 examples of polysaccharides | cellulose glycogen and starch |
| stores energy and is used for fuel | carbohydrates |
| muscle and karatin | proteins |
| serves as an energy reserve insilation and protects | lipids |
| structure support defense enzymes serve as catalys and regulates metabolism | proteins |
| is dna single or double stranded | double |
| is rna single or double stranded | single |
| which nitrogen bases does dna contain | adednine thymine cystosine and guanine |
| which nitrogen bases does rna contain | adenine uracil cystosine an guanine |
| which sugar does dna contain | deoxyribose |
| which sugar does rna contain | ribose |
| function of dna | never leaves the nucleus and found in many forms |
| function of rna | protein code from nucleus to ribosome leaves the nucleus |
| protein hormone that tells animal cells to store blood glucose as glycogen | insulin |
| double stranded nucleic acid made from nucleotides subunits containing a t g and c that stores genetic info in cells | dna |
| protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body | hemoglobin |
| membrane protein with carbohydrates attached that helps cells identify self and plays a role in blood types organ transplants and germ recognition | glycoprotein |
| macromolecule with a polar glycerol/phosphate head and 2 nonpolar hydrophobic tails used to make cell membranes | phospholipid |
| single stranded nucleic acid made from nucleotide subunits containing a u c and g which carries information from the dna to the cell for protein synthesis | rna |
| storage form of glucose used by plant cells | starch |
| storage form of glucose used by animal cells | glycogen |
| structural polysaccharide made from glucose subunits that makes plants sturdy | cellulose |
| nucleotide subunit made from ribose sugar adenine and 3 phosphates which stores and transports energy in cells | atp |
| polar molecule made from 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms that is required by all living things | water |
| reactants in an enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction are called | substrates |
| macromolecule that can act as enzymes are | proteins |
| enzymes speed up chemical reactions by | decreasing the activation energy |
| proteins(like enzymes) unwind or _________ when placed in extreme pH or temperature conditions | denature |
| enzymes are | unchanged during chemical reactions and reusable |
| name two environmental conditions that can cause proteins (enzymes) to change their shape | temperature(60*c) pH |
| many genetic diseases result from the production of enzymes that are not shaped correctly. how does changing in an enzymes shape cause it to work poorly or not at all | active site denatures |
| dna polymerase is a molecule found in cells. judging by its name do you think it is an enzyme | yes- the ase, enzymes almost always end in -ase |
| what is an atom and what are the parts of an atom | smallest unit of an element nucleus/neutrons, protons, electrons |
| what property of water makes it the universal solvent | water is polar |
| what is a solute and what is a solvent | solute- gets dissolved solvent- does dissolving |
| what is an acid | any substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water a substance neutralizes a base |
| what is a base | a substance that releases hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water(HYDROXIDE) |
| four macromolecules | carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids |
| rank the types of chemical bond use to hold together from strongest to weakest | convelent, ionic, hyrdrogen |
| how many electrons does carbon have in its outer electron shell | 4 |
| how many bonds can carbon have | 4 |
| what is a compound | pure substances that is made of 2 elements chemically combined |
| Ch2O | carbohydrate |
| CHOP | lipids |
| CHONS | protein |
| CHONP | nucleic acid |
| organize the carbohydrate by number of monomers | monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides |
| name the monosaccharides | glucose fructose and galactose |
| name the disaccharides | sucrose maltose and lactose |
| what is dehydration synthesis | combine 2 monomers to remove a monomer |
| what is a hydrolysis | add water |
| name the polysaccharides that we discussed and give their source and function in the living organism | starch-plants(store energy) glycogen-animal fat cellulose-plant cell wall animals cant digest and chiten-exoskeleton of insects |
| what are the monomers of a protein and how many of these exist | amino acids, 20 |
| show the production of a dipeptide with dehydration synthesis | peptide bond |
| list the functions of proteins in the living organism with examples | enzymes structural transport defense hormones receptor and storage |
| name the unique properties of lipids | hydrocarbon chains responsible for nonpolar properties |
| describe or show the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid | c-c=c-c-c-c saturated-has no double bond unsaturated- has 1 or more double bonds |
| what is the function of phospholipids | main component or cell membrane |
| name 3 steroids and give their functions | chlosterol testosterone and estergon |
| describe how plants use wax | as a protective covering |
| important functions of lipids in the living organism | bonds insoluble |
| what are the functions of nucleic acids in the living organisms | sore genetic(hereditary)information in the linear forms; chromatin chromosomes chromotides involved in replication transcription and rna carries protein code from nucleus to ribosome |
| named for nucleotide sugar deoxyribose double helix contains thymine never leaves the nucleus | dna |
| single helix named for monosaccharide sugar ribose contains uracil leaves nucleus many forms | rna |
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