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List six functions of the skeletal system:
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________ bone is greater in length than width:
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A&P I
Skeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List six functions of the skeletal system: | -Support, Protection, Assistance in movement, Mineral homeostasis, Blood cell production, Triglyceride storage |
| ________ bone is greater in length than width: | Long |
| The medullary cavity is located where: | Diaphysis |
| Nerves in bones are found where: | Periosteum |
| Skeletal muscles attaches to _______: | Bone |
| The bones store what two minerals: | Calcium & phosphorus |
| ________ marrow produces red & white blood cells and platelets: | Red |
| Red marrow is found where: | The end of long bones |
| ________ marrow is found only in adults: | Yellow |
| _________ are stored in adipose cells in the bones: | Triglycerides |
| The storage of triglycerides in yellow marrow serves as __________: | a potential chemical energy reserve |
| Line of fusion between cartilage and bone: | Ephyseal line |
| The proximal and distal ends of the bone: | Epiphysis |
| __________ contains the epiphyseal growth plate: | Metaphysis |
| __________ is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation with another bone: | Articular |
| ________ ________ reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints: | Articular cartilage |
| _______ _______ is a hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains the yellow bone marrow in adults: | Medullary cavity |
| ___________ is a thin membrane that lines the internal bone surface facing the medullary cavity: | Endosteum |
| Endosteum contains a ________ layer of cells and a small amount of ___________ tissue: | Single, connective |
| _______ surrounds the external bone surface where it is not covered by articular cartilage: | Periosteum |
| The _______ provides the ability for bone to grow in thickness, but not length: | Periosteum |
| The periosteum is attached to the underlying bone by _________ _________: | Perforating fibers |
| Bone is also known as __________: | Osseous tissue |
| Bone contains a __________ _______ that surrounds widely seperated cells: | Extracellular matrix |
| The most abundant mineral salt in bone is ________ __________: | Calcium phosphate |
| The __________ ________ is comprised of 25% water, 25% collagen fibers, 50% crystallized mineral salts: | Extracellular matrix |
| A process called __________ is initiated by bone building cells called osteoblasts: | Calcification |
| Bone's flexibility depends on _________ ______: | Collagen fibers |
| List the four types of cells in bone tissue: | -Osteogenic -Osteoblasts -Osteoclasts -Osteocytes |
| Osteogenic cells are also known as _______ cells: | Stem |
| ____________ synthesize extracellular matrix of bone tissue: | Osteoblasts |
| __________ are considered immature cells, while ________ are considered mature cells: | Osteoblasts, Osteocytes |
| ________ are responsible for bone maintenance, exchange of nutrients and wastes: | Osteocytes |
| _________ become trapped in their own secretions: | Osteocytes |
| ________ are responsible for resorption of bone tissue and regulates blood calcium levels: | Osteoclasts |
| Compact bone makes up ___% of the skeleton, while spongy makes up ___%: | 80%, 20% |
| ________ bone resists the stresses produced by weight and movement: | Compact |
| Components of compact bone are arranged into repeating structural units called _______ or ______ _______: | Osteons, haversian systems |
| _________ consists of a central canal with concentrically arranged lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes and canaliculi | Osteons |
| Osteocytes ly with small spaces called ________: | Lacunae |
| Radiating in all directions from the lacunae are tiny _________ filled with extracellular fluid: | Canaliculi |
| Perforating canals are also called __________ canals: | Volkman |
| ________ provides strength in many directions, while _______ _______ provides strength in length: | Trabecullae, compact bone |
| _______ bone lacks osteons: | Spongy |
| In _____ bone lamellae are arranged in a lattice of thin columns called trabeculae: | Spongy |
| Blood cell production occurs in ________: | Spongy |
| Interior bone tissue is made up primarily of _______ bone: | Spongy |
| Periosteal arteries supply the ________ and compact bone with blood: | Periosteum, compact |
| ________ veins carry blood away from long bones: | Epiphyseal |
| The process by which bone forms is called __________: | ossification |
| The embyonic skeleton is initially comprised of ___________: | mesenchyme |
| Cartilage and ossification occur during the ______ weeks of embyonic development: | Sixth |
| Two methods of bone formation: | Intramembranous ossification & endochondral ossification |
| _____________ ossification forms directly within mesenchyme: | Intramembranous |
| ____________ ossification forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme: | Endochondral |
| Which method of bone ossification involve replacement of a pre-existing connective tissue with bone: | Both |
| Most bones in the body are formed by ___________ ossification: | Endochondral |
| Flat bones of the skull and mandible are formed by ______________ ossification: | Intramembranous |
| The activity of the ___________ is the way bone can increase in length: | Epiphyseal plate |
| Bones grows in outer thickness at the ________ surface: | outer |
| Diseases that occur as a result of too flexible bones: | Rickets, osteomalacia |
| Factors affecting bone growth and remodeling: | -Minerals -Vitamins -Hormones |
| Primary minerals needed for bone growth and remodeling: | Calcium and phosphorus |
| Secondary minerals needed for bone growth and remodeling: | Megnesium, fluoride and mangenese |
| List 5 vitamins used in bone growth and remodeling: | _Vit A -Vit C -Vit D -Vit K & B12 |
| Vitamin ___ stimulates osteoblasts: | A |
| Vitamin ___ is neede to synethesis of collagen: | C |
| Vitamin ___ helpd build bone by increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract into the blood: | D |
| Vitamins ___ & ____ are needed for syntesis of bone proteins: | K & B12 |
| During childhood the most important for bone growth are _____: | IGFs |
Created by:
akhernandez19