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Logical Fallacies
RHETORICAL TERMS FOR AP LANG
Term | Definition/Example |
---|---|
Strawman | Definition: Strawman fallacy misrepresents the position of the opposing side in such a way that the opposing position appears obviously false or ridiculous. |
Strawman | Example: People who think abortion should be banned have no respect for the rights of women. They treat them as nothing but baby-making machines. That's wrong. Women must have the right to choose. |
Undistributed Middle | Definition: Any form of categorical syllogism in which the middle term is not distributed at least once. |
Undistributed Middle | Example: [O]ne patient…concluded that there are money-trees because "money is green [in the United States] and so are trees, so money must grow on trees." |
Simple Cause | Definition: The effect is caused by a number of objects or events, of which the cause identified is only a part. A variation of this is the feedback loop where the effect is itself a part of the cause. |
Simple Cause | Example: The accident was caused by the poor location of the bush. (True, but it wouldn't have occurred had the driver not been drunk and the pedestrian not been jaywalking.) |