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OTA 111 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Preparatory activities | help client get ready for activity ROM, stretch, strengthen |
| Types of things OT's do | access existing function sets therapeutic goals develop a plan implement intervention records progression |
| habit training | re-education program designed to overcome disorganized habits, to modify others and to constructs new ones with the goals of restoring and maintaing health |
| holistic | adolf meyer each patient shold be seen as a whole |
| therapeutic relationships | key for faciliting the healing and rehab process not reciprocal client focused |
| metaphysiology | study of being and beings what is the nature of man |
| Occupational Therapy | a practice that uses goal directed activities to promote independence and function |
| OCCUPATION | AN ACTIVITY IN WHICH ONE ENGAGES IN AND IS MEANING TO THE PATIENT |
| WHAT TYPES OF THINGS DO OT'S DO | ASSES EXISTING FUNCTION SETS THERAPUTIC GOALS DEVELOPS A PLAN IMPLEMENTS PLAN RECORDS PROGRESSION COMMUNICATES INTERVENTION |
| CONTRIVED ACTIVITY | MADE UP ACTIVITES THAT INCLUDE SOME OF THE SAME SKILLS REQUIRED FOR THE OCCUPATION PERFORMED IN THE NATURAL SETTING |
| PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITY | ACTIVITIES THAT ARE MEANINGFUL TO THE CLIENT |
| PREORATORY ACTIVITY | HELP CLIENT GET READY FOR AN ACTIVITY.. ROM, STREATCHING STRENGTHEN |
| OCCUPATIONAL CENTERED ACTIVITES | ACTIVITY PERFORMED IN THE NATURAL SETTING - MAKING LUNCH AT HOME |
| MEDIA | OBJESCTS AND MATERIALS USED TO FACILITATE CHANGE |
| INDEPENDENCE | STATE OR CONDITION OF BEING SELF RELIANT |
| FUNCTION | ACTION FOR WHICH A PERSON IS SPECIFICALLY FITTED, GOAL DIRECTED ACTIVITY |
| ACTIVITY | STATE OR CONDITION OF BEING |
| MORAL TREATMENT | GROUNDED IN THE IDEA THAT ALL PEOPLE EVEN THE MOST CHALLENGED ARE ENTITLED TO CONSIDERATION AND HUMAN COMPASSION |
| ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT | OPPOSITION TO MACHINE MADE THINGS USING ONE HANDS TO MAKE THINGS CONNECTED PEOPLE TO THEIR WORK, PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY HEALTHIER |
| DISIBILITY AWARENESS | ILL OR INJURED INDIVIDUALS EITHER GOT BETTER OR WERE ELEMINATED FROM COMPETITIVE INVOLVEMENT IN LIFE |
| SOLDIERS REHAB ACT | FOCUSED ON REHAB SO THEY COULD RETURN TO PRODUCTIVE LIVING |
| WW1 | Reconstruction program rehabilitate soldiers for military or civilian employment |
| VOCATIONAL REHAB ACT 1943 | COVERAGE FOR MEDICAL SERVICES FOR THOSE INJURED BY ACCIDENT OR ILLNESS WHILE EMPLOYED |
| WHAT TYPES OF EDUCATION IS REQUIRED? | OT - MASTERS OTA (PROFESSIONAL) - ASSOCIATES (TECHNICAL) |
| WHAT KINDS OF SETTINGS DO OT'S WORK IN | HOSPITALS, CLINICS, COMMUNITY SETTINGS, OUTPATIENT, SCHOOLS, HOMES, PRISIONS |
| MAJOR SOCIAL INFLUENCES | INCREASED TOLERANCE, SENSE OF HUMAN POTENTIAL AND FAITH IN RATIONAL BEHAVIOR |
| PHILLIP PINEAL | WORK TREATMENT FOR THE INSANE |
| WILLIAM TUKE | ESTABLISHED THE YORK RETREAT MORAL TREATMENT OF FAMILY ATMOSPHERE, KIND AND CONSIDERATION APPROACH SEEN AS PREFERABLE TO RESTRAINT AND DRUGS |
| BENJAMIN RUSH | quaker physician- signed declaration of independence- was first introduced moral treatment into US after the publication of Pinel and Tuke's work. Belief that structure and engagement in simple work tasks promoted better health |
| Development of the Profession | Founders of the Profession in late 1700's - early 1800's National Society for Promotion of Occupation Therapy incorporated 1917 at Clifton Springs, NY |
| WWII and Later | Rehabilitative movement began and OT services were recognized by Armed Services National "Deinstitutionalization Plan" led to development of community mental health programs |
| Medicare Public Law 89-97 of 1965 | coverage for inpatient and outpatient medical services for the disabled and those over 65 |
| Rehabilitation Act of 1973- Section 504 | Employers & institutions of higher education that receive federal funds must accommodate the needs of employees and students with disabilities. No discrimination based on disability |
| The Education for All Handicap Children Act of 1975 | Right of all children to a free and appropriate education, regardless of handicapping condition. Includes OT as a related services IEP - Individual Educational Plan, outlines measurable goal and plan |
| Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act of 1986 | extended coverage for 3-5 year olds and established intervention programs for children birth to 3 |
| Technology Related Assistance for Individuals with Dissabilities Act of 1988 | addresses availability of assistive technology devices |
| ADA American's with Disability Act 1990 | Guarentees equal access to and opportunity in employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government and telecommunication in private and public settings |
| Balanced Budget Act 1997 | reduce medicare spending create incentives for development of manged care plans encouraged enrollment in managed care plans limit fee for service payments |
| Consistent Elements of OT throughout History | Holistic: Adolf Meyer belief of whole body treatment Human need to engage in occupations Treatment via purposeful activities Functional independence as goal Therapeutic rapport/relationship is vital to the process Patient/client is the product |
| COTA | technical level 16 weeks of field work pass NBCOT |
| What major social influence gave rise to OT | WWI and WWII had created a need for OT's because of the injured veterans Deinstitinalization: required need for OT's in mental health facilities Education of all handicapped children : handicapped act of 1974, IDEA |
| What key concepts have been throughout history | Rehabilitation of soldiers Moral Treatment Arts and Crafts |
| How has profession changed over time | use OTAs, technology media access to OT and hcanges,MOHO model of human occupation assessment tool. NBCOT is used to certify and protect the patients |
| Reductionistic | physicians in medicine challenging OT human kind is reduced to separately functioning body parts: professions specialize in specific ares and treat these body functions independently and focus on a specific problem |
| NSPOT | National society for the promotion of occupational therapy now known as AOTA march 15, 1917 birth of OT clifton springs, NY held that meeting |
| Therapeutic Relationship | is one in which the practitioner is responsible for facilitating the healing and rehab process not reciprocal focused on client |
| Ways to develop effective communication skills in order to establish a therapeutic rapport by | so the client will be more likely to trust the clinician, actively participate and ultimately reach maximum potential |
| Psychology of Rehabilitation | Catastrophic illness or trauma results in great emotional and physical needs. Holistic practice requires attention to both OT in a unique position: emphasizes treating the whole person, individualized and personal Rx |
| Universal Stages of Loss (Kubler-Ross) | Denial anger bargaining depression acceptance |
| Self-Awareness | knowing one’s true nature, recognize own behavior and emotional responses and the effects it has on others is critical to achieving therapeutic rapport |
| ideal self | perfect self with only desirable qualities |
| perceived self | what others see |
| real self | blending of external and internal worlds, includes actions and intentions and environmental awareness, add perceived self and limits of the ideal self and therefore leads to awareness and behavioral adjustments |
| Skills for Effective Therapeutic Relationships | OT practitioners need to balance warmth, caring and empathy with analysis, judgment and a request for performance Trust Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Empathy Active Listening Self-Disclosure |
| Group Leadership Skills | Groups Planning Setting Structure for Group |
| Types of Groups | Therapeutic, peer support, focus, consultation/supervision |
| Planning | determine group and individual goals, number of participants, setting, timing, materials |
| Group Dynamics | interpersonal interactions in group – may need to set limits on certain individuals, encourage others, problem solve with clients on issues |
| Setting Structure for Group | Stating goals, structuring and supervising tasks, maintaining safety, wrap up, clean up |
| Humanism | belief that client should be treated as a person not an object |
| Metaphysiology | The branch of philosophy concerned with the study of the nature of being and beings, existence, time and space, and causality |
| Epistemology | The study of nature of truth/knowledge. |
| Axiology | Nature of values and types of values |
| OT’s philosophical base is a set of values, beliefs, truths and principles that | 1. Guide the practitioner’s actions 2. Helps define the nature of existence of the profession 3. Helps practitioners substantiate the reason for existence 4. Theories, models, frames of reference and intervention |
| Philosophical Base of OT | Man is an active being whose development is influenced by the use of purposeful activity |
| Phenomenological: | what is meaningful and that which provides satisfaction to an individual that which is determined by the experience at individuals the experience of life, chronological experience |
| 7 Core Values & Attitudes of OT Practice | Altruism Equality Freedom Justice Dignity Truthfulness Prudence |
| Altruism | unselfish concern for the welfare of others, dedication, caring, commitment, responsiveness |
| Equality | respect differences & treat all individuals equally |
| Freedom | right to exercise choice, initiative, independence and self-direction, and the need to balance autonomy with societal membership |
| Justice | abide by laws that govern practice and legal rights of the client, fairness, equity, truthfulness, objectivity |
| Dignity | honoring the inherent worth and uniqueness of each individual, an attitude of empathy and respect for self and others |
| Truthfulness | accuracy, accountability, honesty and competence, forthright, authentic in attitudes and actions |
| Prudence | the ability to exercise sound judgment, care and discretion, judiciousness, vigilance, moderation, circumspection in the management of one’s affairs. |
| 7 Principles of the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics | Beneficence Nonmaleficence Autonomy Duty Procedural Veracity Fidelity |
| Beneficence | concern for the well being of the client |
| Nonmaleficence | ensure safety, do no harm |
| Autonomy, Confidentiality | Client participates, is informed, may refuse; practitioner protects privileged information |
| Duty | achieve and continually maintain high standards of competence |
| Procedural justice | comply with the laws and association policies guiding the profession of OT |
| Veracity | provide accurate information when representing the profession |
| Fidelity | treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion and integrity |
| occupation as both a means | use of a specific occupation to bring about a change in performance i.e. activity or intervention |
| occupation as an end | desired outcome or product of intervention i.e. engagement in occupation, performance of activities or tasks that are meaningful to the client and is derived from the person’s values, experiences & culture |
| client-centered approach | clients, family and significant others are active participants throughout the therapeutic process |
| Adaptation | change in function that promotes survival and self actualization |
| Task | the basic units of behavior and are the simplest form of an action - reaching for a ball |
| Role | a pattern of behavior that involves certain rights and duties that an individual is expected, trained, and often encouraged to perform in a particular social situation |
| Occupational Performance | ability to carry out activities of daily life |
| Relate historical principle to current philosophy of OT | humans are active beings, holistic, refers to wellbeing |
| Which core concepts of OT have endured from inception until now | -Prudence: the ability to exercise sound judgment, care and discretion, judiciousness, vigilance, moderation, circumspection in the management of one’s affairs |
| What is the holistic basis of OT | emphasizes the organic and functional relationship between the parts and whole being evaluation and intervention should affect needs of whole person |
| What role does OT do in wellness | facilitate health and wellness in communities through education programs and services to individuals and groups |
| AOTA's Centennial Vision for OT | we envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society's occupational needs |
| Definition of Occupation | activities of every day life, named, organized, and given value and meaning by individuals and a culture. |
| AOTA priorities | increase influence and recognition of the profession, ensure scientific basis for practices, to develop leaders in the profession, to encourage faculty to get PhD's, and to advocate for the profession to ensure future finding |
| Emerging Areas of Practice- diverse needs, diverse settings | Aging in place Driver assessments and training programs Community health and wellness Needs of children and youth Ergonomics consulting Technology and assistive-device developing and consulting |
| Educational Trends | lifelong learning critical analysis of research, evidence-based practice; OT's will provide proof of the benefits of their work Participatory research for faculty |
| State Regulation | State regulate OT practitioners with licensure lawsPolicy and Reimbursement |
| Policy and Reimbursement | watch out for infringement on the OT scope of practice from other professional such as PT's, Orthotists, and Prosthetists Policy affects health services, including OT |
| What are some current issues facing the occupational therapy profession | infringement from other professionals on their scope of practice PT, orthotist, and prosthetist have challenged the occupational therapy scope of practice policies like the PPS (Prospective payment system) |
| What are the emerging practice areas | Aging in place driver assessments and training programs community health and wellness needs of children and youth ergonomics consulting technology and assistive-device developing and consulting |
| What is evidence-based practice | basing practice on the best available research evidence must be able to support their decisions based upon available research |
| How has policy affected occupational therapy practice | affects health services shorter hospital stays federal laws mandate services but require state to determine how the laws will be carried out |
| What are some current trends in Occupational therapy education | evidence-based practice Master's level degree as the entry level OT's participatory research |
| Occupational Therapy Personnel | refers to everyone who works in an OT department - including practitioners, support staff and OT and OTA students. |
| OT Practitioner refers to | initially certified (NBCOT) or state licensed OTR’s & COTA’s |
| Doctoral level | Doctorate of Philosophy – purpose generate research, produce new knowledge 3-5 years post (after) Masters. OTD – Clinical Doctorate advanced practice competencies, clinical leadership. |
| Occupational Therapist | OT; OTR once NBCOT certified/registered Masters degree in OT May be an entry level Masters (MS/MA/MOT minimum of 6 months (24 weeks) supervised level 2 fieldwork |
| Occupational Therapy Assistant | OTA; COTA once NBCOT certified Associate degree minimum of 4 months (16 weeks) supervised fieldwork |
| Occupational Therapy Aide | no standardized educational requirements, trained on the job to assist with routine procedures, no clinical decision making is allowed. Any client-related tasks that are delegated to an aide require direct supervision of an OT practitioner |
| OT education(as compared to OTA education | is more in-depth and more theoretically based in the professional content and core curriculum |
| OT practice (as compared to OTA practice | is more focused on evaluation, interpretation, intervention planning, program management and research |
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