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Ancient Greece Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acropolis | The fortified center of a city-state, often found on elevated ground |
| Agora | a large open market place found in all ancient Greek city-states. |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian king who created one of the largest empires of the ancient world |
| Aristocracy | Rule by a wealthy elite class. In the case of ancient Athens, this consisted of landholding, wealthy, adult Athenian males. |
| Aristotle | Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great who helped organize the thoughts that led to the foundation of Western philosophy |
| Athena | Goddess of wisdom and warfare and guardian of Athens |
| Athens | City-state in ancient Greece focused on education and creativity |
| City-state | A central city and its surrounding villages who collectively follow a similar way of life |
| Corinthian | type of column with more complex cravings, capital is marked by stylized acanthus leaves |
| Crete | an Island southeast of mainland Greece where a pre-Greek civilization grew between 2600 – 2000 BCE |
| Democracy | System of government where all individuals have a say in the decisions that affect them. |
| Direct democracy | a system of government in which citizens participate directly rather than through elected representatives |
| Doric | type of column without a base. It is a simple column with parallel concave flutes that get thinner toward the top. |
| Golden Age | a.k.a. the Golden Age of Pericles, the period of time in Greek history from 546 B.C. the victory of the Greeks over Persia to the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 B.C. when Greece achieved a high state of culture and a stable government. |
| Hellenistic | blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian cultures |
| Homer | An ancient Athenian who lived in the dark ages and is credited with writing the Odyssey and the Iliad |
| Ionic | Type of column that is thinner, sits on a base and spirals curled in toward the top |
| Monarchy | Rule by a king or queen, often kept within a particular family, passed down from father to son |
| Mythology | polytheistic, deities like humans, but with superhuman powers, offered explanations for natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events, key deities: Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Aphrodite, Artemis, Athena; depicted in Western Art as well as Greek art |
| Odyssey | epic poem written by Homer |
| Oligarchy | Rule by a small group of people |
| Olympics | Athletic competitions held between various city-states to honor Zeus |
| Oracle | a prophetess – who was thought to be the human voice of Apollo |
| Parthenon | Temple on the Acropolis dedicated to the goddess Athena |
| Peloponnesian War | A war between Athens and Sparta – 431 – 404 BCE |
| Pericles | A great leader of Athens, great speaker, used Delian league money to beautify Athens |
| Philosophy | the study of the processes that govern thought, perception and morality |
| Plato | Student of Socrates, writer of philosophy, and founder of the Academy in Athens |
| Polis | Greek city-state |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Poseidon | God of the sea, earthquakes and horses |
| Socrates | Athenian who is widely considered the father of Western philosophy |
| Sparta | City-state in ancient Greece focused on war |
| Strait | A narrow water passage |
| Tragedy | a serious drama that has a sorrowful or disastrous ending. |
| Trojan War | 10 year conflict between Sparta and Troy about which the Iliad is written. |
| Tyrant | a person with absolute supreme power that ruled the city-states |
| Zeus | Father of the Gods |
Created by:
kvarney
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