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ChapterSix
Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pieces of information describing a particular entry. | attributes |
| A special organizational function for managing the organization's data resources, concerned with information policy, data planning, maintenance of data dictionaries, and data quality standards. | data administration |
| Activities for detecting and correcting data in a database or file that incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant. Also known as data scrubbing. | data cleansing |
| Specifies the structure of the content of a database. | data definition |
| An automated manual tool for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database. | data dictionary |
| A language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database. | data manipulation language |
| A small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization's data for a specified function of population of users. | data mart |
| Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior. | data mining |
| A survey and/or sample of files to determine accuracy and completeness of data in an information system. | data quality audit |
| A database, with reporting and query tools, that stores current and historical data extracted from various operational systems and consolidated for management reporting and analysis. | data warehouse |
| A group of related files. | database |
| Refers to the more technical and operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design and maintenance. | database administration |
| Special software to create and maintain a database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs. | database management system (DBMS) |
| A computer in a client/server environment that is responsible for running a DBMS to process SQL statements and perform database management tasks. | database server |
| A person, place, thing, or event about which information must be kept. | entity |
| A methodology for documenting databases illustrating the relationship between various entities n the database. | entity-relationship diagram |
| A group of characters in a word, a group of words, or a group of complete numbers, such as a person's name or age. | field |
| Field in a database table that enables users to find related information in another database table. | foreign key |
| Formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in an organization. | information policy |
| A field in a record that uniquely identifies incidents of the record so that it can be received, updated, or stored. | key field |
| The process of creating small stable data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database. | normalization |
| An approach to data management that stores both data and the procedures acting on the data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared; the objects can contain multimedia. | object-oriented DBMS |
| A database management system that combines the capabilities of a relational DBMS for storing traditional information and the capabilities of an object-oriented DBMS for storing graphics and multimedia. | object-relational DBMS |
| Capability for manipulating and analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives. | online analytical processing (OLAP) |
| Use of data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events. | Predictive analytics |
| Unique identifier for all the information in any row of a database table. | primary key |
| Groups of related fields. | records |
| Rules to ensure that relationships between coupled database tables remain consistent. | referential integrity |
| A type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables. It can relate data stored in one table to data in another as long as the two tables share a common data element. | relational database |
| The standard data manipulation language for relational database management systems. | Structured Query Language (SQL) |
| Discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data. | text mining |
| Rows or records in a relational database. | tuples |
| Discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the World Wide Web. | Web mining |
| represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle | Bit |
| a group of bits | Byte |
| is a repository for raw unstructured data or structured data that for the most part have no yet been analyzed, and the data can be accessed in many ways. | Data Lake |
| is one that is stored in multiple physical locations. | Distributed Database |
| a group of records of the same type | File |
| is an open source software framework managed by Apache software. | Hadoop |
| relies primarily on a computer main memory for data storage | In memory Computing |
| software can mine text comments in an email message, blog, social media conversation or survey form to detect favorable and unfavorable opinions about specific subjects | Sentiment analysis |
| They use a more flexible data model and are designed for managing large data sets across many distributed machines and for easily scaling up or down. | Nonrelational Database Management Systems |
| Big Data |
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