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Beef Cattle breeds
Animal Science Fall 2013
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| British Breeds | First Brought by pilgrims. Used for work, milk and meat. Almost brought TX Longhorn to extinction. Crossed w/Zebu in south for resistance to heat. |
| British Breed Types | Angus, Red Angus, Galloway, Hereford, Polled Hereford |
| Angus | Originate in N. Scotland. Known for longevity, maternal qualities, marbling ability. Black with small white markings on underline behind navel. Polled. |
| Red Angus | Originate in N. Scotland. Red results from recessive gene. Known for quality carcasses, possible greater heat tolerance due to reflective nature of fur. Polled. |
| Galloway | Originated in S. Scotland. Belted: resulted from cross with dutch belted breed. Have two coats of hair. Known for longevity and ability to use poor forage. Can be black, red, dun, or white. Polled. |
| Hereford | Originated in SW England. Known for longevity, docility, and ability to thrive on rangeland. Horned. Thick, curly hair that can be light yellow-cherry red. White face, chest, underline, crest, switch, and lower legs. |
| Polled Herefored | Scurred. Can be polled or scurred. Good feed efficiency and dispositions.White face, chest, underline, crest, switch, and lower legs. |
| British breeds were first brought by pilgrims. They were used for _____, _____, and ______. | Work, Milk, and Meat |
| British Breeds almost brought ______________ to extinction when they were replaced with heavier muscled British cattle. | Texas Longhorn |
| British breeds can be crossed with ______ cattle in the south for more resistance to heat. | Zebu |
| _______ and _______ are the most numerous British breeds. | Angus and Hereford |
| Angus Cattle Originated in ___________. | North Scotland |
| Angus are known for: | Longevity, Maternal qualities, and marbling ability. |
| Markings of an Angus are: | Black with small white markings on underline behind navel. |
| Angus are (polled/horned) | Polled |
| Red Angus cattle originated in ___________. | North Scotland |
| The coloring of a Red Angus results from a | recessive gene |
| Red Angus are known for: | Quality Carcasses and possible greater heat tolerance due to reflective nature of fur. |
| Red Angus are (polled/horned) | Polled |
| Galloway Cattle originated in ______________. | South SCotland |
| Belted Galloway resulted from a cross with ____________. | Dutch belted breed |
| Galloway have _____ coats of hair. | two |
| What does having two coats of hair do for the Galloway? | Helps keep out cold/insects |
| Galloway are known for: | Longevity and ability to use poor forage. |
| Galloway coloring can include | Black, red, dun, or white. |
| Galloway are (polled/horned). | Polled |
| Hereford Cattle originated in __________. | Southwest England |
| Hereford are known for: | Longevity, docility, and ability to thrive on rangeland |
| Hereford are (polled/horned). | Horned |
| Hereford markings include | White face, chest, underline, crest, switch and lower legs. |
| The coat of a Hereford is | Thick curly hair that can be light yellow-cherry red. |
| Polled Hereford Cattle are | Herefords that were selected starting in 1898 in Iowa. |
| Polled Hereford are known for: | Good Feed efficiency and good disposition |
| Markings of a Polled Hereford include | White face, chest, underline, crest, switch, and lower legs. |
| Polled Herefords can be _____ or _______. | Polled or Scurred |
| Scurred | A term describing the soft incomplete buds that would otherwise develop into bony horns. These buds are typically soft and loose or malleable on a bovine's head. |
| Continental Breeds | Most bred from originally imported animals or semen, therefore many non-native traits are bred into animal's genetic makeups. Most are Bos taurus, some Bos indicus. Descendants of aurocs or Celtic short horns. |
| Continental Breed Types | Belgian Blue, Gelbvieh, Simmental, Charolais, Limousin, Maine-Anjou |
| Belgian Blue | Originated in S Belgium. Known for double muscling, gentle, early maturing with high yield conversion. White, blue, blue roan, or black. Horned. |
| Gelbvieh | Originated in West Germany. Not composite breed. Developed as a dual purpose breed to emphasize beef qualities. Known for Early maturity, fertility, calving ease, good weaning weight, gentle disposition. Reddish-gold russet w/fine, thick hair. H or P |
| Simmental | Orig in W Switzerland. Used for work, milk, & meat. known for maternal abilities, fertility, early sexual maturity, high twinning, high FE & GR. Yellow-red w/white faces, legs, bellies, and lower tails w/white patches on body. H or P. tolerates cold well |
| Charolais | Originated in France. Known for Leanness, high growth rate, heavy muscling, sound feet and legs. Short, thick off white-cream hair. Horned or polled. Crossed with brahman to make Charbrah |
| Limousin | Originated in S France. Known for "butchers animal" due to high cutability, feed effieciency, hardy, adaptable. Long body w/golden red hair. Some can be black. Horned or polled. Developed solely as beef breed in recent years. |
| Maine-Anjou | Originated from cross btw Mansel (France) and Durham (England) cattle. Known for hight feed efficiency, post weaning growth, high milk production, docile. Most are deep red w/white markings. Horned or polled. Hair grows according to climate. |
| Most Continental Breeds are Bos _______, some Bos _______. | taurus/indicus |
| Continental Breeds are descendants of ________ or __________. | Aurocs or Celtic short Horns |
| Aurocs | Large, strong animals with large horns. |
| Celtic Short Horns | Fine bones, short limbs, and smaller horns. Not domesticated. |
| Belgian Blue Cattle originated in ____________. | South Belgium |
| Belgian Blue are known for: | Double muscling, gentle, early maturing with high yield conversion. |
| Belgian Blue coloring can include: | White, Blue, Blue roan, or black. |
| Belgian Blue are (polled/horned) | Horned |
| Gelbvieh Cattle originated in ___________. | West Germany |
| Gelbvieh are known for: | Early maturity, Fertility, calving ease, good weaning weight, gentle disposition. |
| Gelbvieh coats are | Reddish gold-russet with fine, thick hair and pigmented skin. |
| Gelbvieh are (polled/horned) | Polled or Horned. |
| Simmental Cattle Originated in ____________. | West Switzerland |
| Simmental are used for _______, ________, and _______. | Work, milk, and meat. |
| Simmental are known for: | Maternal abilities, fertility, early sexual maturity, high incidence of twinning, high feed efficiency and growth rate. |
| Simmental coat is | long, therefore tolerates cold well |
| Simmental are (polled/horned) | Polled or horned |
| Simmental markings include | Yellow-red with white faces, legs, bellies, and lower tails with white patches on body. |
| Charolais cattle originated in ______. | France |
| Charolais are known for: | Leanness, high growth rate, heavy muscling, sound feet and legs. |
| Charolais coat is | Short, thick off white-cream hair |
| Charolais are (polled/horned) | Polled or Horned |
| Charbrah | Cross between a Charolais with a Brahman |
| Limousin cattle originated in ______. | South France |
| Limousin are known for: | Butcher's animal due to high cutability, efficient feeders, hardy, adaptable. |
| Limousin cattle have a | Long body with golden red hair, some can be black. |
| Limousin are (horned/polled) | Horned or polled |
| Maine-Anjou cattle originated from a cross between ________ and _______ cattle. | Mansel (France) and Durham (England) |
| Maine-Anjou are known for: | High feed efficiency and post weaning growth, high milk production, docile |
| Most Maine-Anjou are | Deep red with white markings |
| Maine-Anjou hair grows | According to climate |
| Maine-Anjou are (horned/polled) | Horned or Polled |
| Zebu | Bos indicus. Most strains developed in Asia or Africa. Known for high resistance to heat, humidity, insects, and disease; longevity, maternal ability, low birth weight, inquisitive, docile. Crossed w/Bos taurus for better beef qualities. |
| Zebu Breed Types | American Gray Brahman, American Red Brahman |
| American Gray Brahman | Developed in S USA. Shades of gray. Short ears. Horned or polled. |
| American Red Brahman | Developed in S USA. Heat tolerant and disease/insect resistant. Red, black, red and black speckled, gray-fawn. Horned or polled. |
| Barrow Cattle | Cross between Zebu and local cows in Louisiana. Resulted in Cattle with a high tolerance for heat, humidity, and insects. |
| Watusi | Imported from Canada. May be native to Africa. Other theory is that it is a cross between native african cattle with Asian Zebu. Exhibit many characteristics of Zebu Cattle. |
| Bos indicus (Zebu) | Restant to heat, humidity, disease, insects. Live long productive lives, excellent maternal ability, low birth weights, very inquisitive, docile. |
| Bos indicus X Bos taurus | Improves beef producing abilities. |
| Bradford, Beefmaster, Red Brangus, Santa Gertrutis, Brangus, | Bos indicus X Bos taurus breeds |
Created by:
klm707