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terminology ch. 17
ch 17 "Drugs, Diseases, and Dissection " from romich book vet. med. terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agonist | substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor |
| antagonist | substance that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor. |
| antiserum | = serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal, or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms |
| antitoxin | specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antbodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy animal. |
| bacterin | bacterial vaccine |
| chelated | bound to and precipitated out of solution. |
| contraindication | recommendation not to use |
| diffusion | = movement of solutes from an area of high concentration of particles to one of low concentration of particles |
| dosage | amount of medication based on units per weight of animal |
| dosage interval | time between administrations of a drug |
| dose | amount of medication measured |
| drug | agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease |
| efficacy | extent to which a drug causes the intended effects; effectiveness. |
| endogenous | originating within the body. |
| exogenous | originating outside the body |
| hydrophilic | water-loving; ionized form |
| hyperkalemia | excessive level of blood potassium |
| hypernatremia | excessive level of blood sodium. |
| hypertonic solution | solution that has more particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared. [The tonicity of solutions usually is compared to blood cells] |
| hypokalemia | deficiency of blood potassium. |
| hyponatremia | deficiency of blood sodium. |
| hypotonic solution | solution that has fewer particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared |
| hypovolemia | low circulating blood volume. |
| ionized | electrically charged |
| isotonic solution | solution that has equal particles to the solution or cell to which it is being compared |
| lipophilic | fat-loving; nonionized form |
| monovalent | vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism. |
| nonionized | not charged electrically |
| osmosis | movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient |
| pharmacodynamics | physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. |
| pharmacokinetics | movement of drugs or chemicals; consists of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination. |
| placebo | inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects or substance used as a control in experimental setting. |
| polyvalent | vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine. |
| prevention or prophylaxis | avoidance |
| regimen | course of treatment |
| turgor | degree of fullness or rigidity caused by fluid content |
| inhalation | vapors and gases taken in through the nose and mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs |
| intra-arterial | within the artery; abbreviated IA |
| intradermal | within the skin; abbreviated ID |
| intramuscular | within the muscle; abbreviated IM. |
| intraocular | within the eye. |
| intraosseous | within the bone |
| intraperitoneal | within the peritoneal cavity; abbreviated IP. |
| intrathecal | within a sheath; injection of a substance through the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space. |
| intratracheal | within the trachea |
| intravenous | ; abbreviated IV. |
| nebulization | process of making a fine mist; a method of drug administration. |
| nonparenteral | administration via the gastrointestinal tract. |
| oral | by mouth; abbreviated PO or p.o. Nothing orally is abbreviated NPO or n.p.o. |
| parenteral | through routes other than the gastrointestinal tract |
| percutaneous | through the skin. |
| rectal | by rectum. |
| subcutaneous | under the skin, or dermal layer; abbreviated SQ, SC, or subq. |
| sublingual | under the tongue. |
| transdermal | across the skin. Medication is stored in a patch placed on the skin, and the medication is absorbed through the skin. |
| centimeter | = metric unit of length equal to one one-hundredth of a meter; abbreviated cm [.01 meters] |
| dram | = apothecary unit of measure used for prescription vials. One dram equals 1.8 ounce (by weight)and 1 fluid dram equals 4 mL. |
| gram | metric base unit of weight equal to 0.035 ounce; abbreviated g. |
| kilogram | metric unit of weight that is 1000 grams; 1 kilogram is approximately 2.2 pounds; abbreviated kg |
| liter | metric base unit of volume equal to 0.2642 gallons ; abbreviated L |
| meter | metric base unit of length equal to 1.09 yards; abbreviated m. |
| milligram | metric unit of weight equal to one one-thousandth of a gram; abbreviated mg |
| milliliter | metric unit of volume equal to 0.034 of an ounce or one one-thousandth of a liter; abbreviated mL; equivalent to 1 cubic centimeter |
| millimeter | metric unit of length equal to one one-thousandth of a meter; abbreviated mm |
| percent | part per 100 parts; represented by % |
| bid | twice daily (bis in die) |
| _ c | with |
| cc | cubic centimeter (same as mL) |
| gt | drop (gutta); drops is gtt (guttae) |
| mL | milliliter |
| NPO/n.p.o | nothing orally (non per os) |
| _ p | after |
| PO/p.o | orally (per os) |
| prn | as needed |
| q | every |
| q4h | every 4 hours |
| q6h | every 6 hours |
| q8h | every 8 hours |
| q12h | every 12 hours |
| q24h | every 24 hours |
| qd | every day (same as sid) |
| qh | every hour |
| qid | four times daily |
| qn | every night |
| qod | every other day |
| _ s | without |
| sid | once daily (qd or q24h is the preferred abbreviation) |
| T | tablespoon or tablet |
| tab | tablet (also abbreviated T) |
| tid | three times daily (ter in die) |
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