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CSCI Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what way is an operating system like a government? | It creates an environment within which other programs can do useful work. |
| ____ operating systems are designed primarily to maximize resource utilization. | Mainframe |
| The most common secondary storage device is ____. | magnetic disk |
| A ____ can be used to prevent a user program from never returning control to the operating system. | timer |
| A clustered system ____. | gathers together multiple CPUs to accomplish computational work |
| Two important design issues for cache memory are ____. | size and replacement policy |
| A _____ is an example of a systems program. | command interpreter |
| A message-passing model is ____. | easier to implement than a shared memory model for intercomputer communication |
| Policy ____. | determines what will be done |
| The major difficulty in designing a layered operating system approach is ____. | appropriately defining the various layers |
| A microkernel is a kernel ____. | that is stripped of all nonessential components |
| _____ provide(s) an interface to the services provided by an operating system. | System calls |
| _____ is not one of the major categories of system calls. | Security |
| The Windows CreateProcess() system call creates a new process. What is the equivalent system call in UNIX: | fork() |
| _____ is/are not a technique for passing parameters from an application to a system call. | Cache memory |
| The operating system kernel consists of all system and application programs in a computer. | False |
| Interrupts may be triggered by either hardware of software | True |
| System calls can be run in either user mode or kernel mode. | False |
| Application programmers typically use an API rather than directory invoking system calls | True |
| In general, Windows system calls have longer, more descriptive names and UNIX system calls use shorter, less descriptive names. | True |
| The ____ of a process contains temporary data such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables. | stack |
| A process control block ____. | includes information on the process's state |
| The list of processes waiting for a particular I/O device is called a(n) ____. | device queue |
| The _____________ refers to the number of processes in memory | degree of multiprogramming |
| A _________________ saves the state of the currently running process and restores the state of the next process to run. | context switch |
| In a(n) ____ temporary queue, the sender must always block until the recipient receives the message. | zero capacity |
| A blocking send() and blocking receive() is known as a(n) _________________. | rendezvous |
| Shared memory is typically faster than message passing. | True |
| Pthreads refers to ____. | a specification for thread behavior. |
| The ____ multithreading model multiplexes many user-level threads to a smaller or equal number of kernel threads. | many-to-many model |
| LWP is ____. | placed between user and kernel threads |
| In multithreaded programs, the kernel informs an application about certain events using a procedure known as a(n) ____. | upcall |
| A ____ provides an API for creating and managing threads. | thread library |
| The _____ model maps many user-level threads to one kernel thread. | many-to-one |
| The _____ model maps each user-level thread to one kernel thread. | one-to-one |
| In Pthreads, a parent uses the pthread_join() function to wait for its child thread to complete. What is the equivalent function in Win32? | WaitForSingleObject() |
| A _____ uses an existing thread — rather than creating a new one — to complete a task. | thread pool |
| Which of the following is true of cooperative scheduling? | A process keeps the CPU until it releases the CPU either by terminating or by switching to the waiting state. |
| ____ is the number of processes that are completed per time unit. | ____ scheduling is approximated by predicting the next CPU burst with an exponential average of the measured lengths of previous CPU bursts. |
| ____ scheduling is approximated by predicting the next CPU burst with an exponential average of the measured lengths of previous CPU bursts. | Shortest Job First |
| The ____ scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time-sharing systems. | Round Robin |
| Which of the following scheduling algorithms must be nonpreemptive? | First Come First Serve |
| A significant problem with priority scheduling algorithms is _____. | starvation |
| The ______ occurs in first-come-first-served scheduling when a process with a long CPU burst occupies the CPU. | convoy effect |
| A race condition _____. | results when several threads try to access and modify the same data concurrently |
| A semaphore ____. | is essentially an integer variable |
| A spinlock ____. | does not require a context switch when a process must wait on a lock |
| A solution to the critical section problem does not have to satisfy which of the following requirements? | atomicity |
| A(n) _______ refers to a part of a program where a process is accessing/updating shared data. | critical section |
| _____ can be used to prevent busy waiting when implementing a semaphore. | Waiting queues |
| What is the purpose of the mutex semaphore in the implementation of the bounded-buffer problem using semaphores? | It ensures mutual exclusion. |
| How many philosophers may eat simultaneously in the Dining Philosophers problem with 5 philosophers? | 2 |
| A deadlocked state occurs whenever ____. | every process in a set is waiting for an event that can only be caused by another process in the set |
| One necessary condition for deadlock is ____, which states that at least one resource must be held in a nonsharable mode. | mutual exclusion |
| One necessary condition for deadlock is ______, which states that a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding the resource. | no preemption |
| One necessary condition for deadlock is ______, which states that there is a chain of waiting processes whereby P0 is waiting for a resource held by P1, P1 is waiting for a resource held by P2, and Pn is waiting for a resource held by P0. | circular wait |
| One necessary condition for deadlock is ______, which states that a process must be holding one resource and waiting to acquire additional resources. | hold and wait |
| Absolute code can be generated for ________. | compile-time binding |
| An address generated by a CPU is referred to as a ________. | logical address |
| The mapping of a logical address to a psychical address is done in hardware by the ___________. | memory management unit |
| In a dynamically linked library, which of the following is true? | A stub is included in the image for each library-routine reference. |
| Which dynamic storage-allocation algorithm results in the smallest leftover hole in memory? | Best fit |
| Which of the following is true of compaction? | It is possible only if relocation is dynamic and done at execution time. |
| Consider a logical address with a page size of 8 KB. How many bits must be used to represent the page offset in the logical address? | 13 |
| Assume a system has a TLB hit ratio of 90%. It requires 15 nanoseconds to access the TLB, and 85 nanoseconds to access main memory. What is the effective memory access time in nanoseconds for this system? | 108.5 |
| Consider a 32-bit address for a two-level paging system with an 8 KB page size. The outer page table has 1024 entries. How many bits are used to represent the second-level page table? | 9 |
| Assume the value of the base and limit registers are 1200 and 350 respectively. Which of the following addresses is legal? | 1220 |
| In systems that support virtual memory, which of the following is true? | Physical memory is separated from logical memory. |
| Which of the following is true of Optimal page replacement? | It is used mostly for comparison with other page-replacement algorithms. |
| The _____ allocation algorithm allocates available memory to each process according to its size. | proportonal |
| ________ allows the parent and child processes to initially share the same pages, but when either process modifies a page, a copy of the shared page is created. | Copy-on-write |
| _____ is the page-replacement algorithm implemented on most systems. | Least recently used |
| _____ occurs when a process spends more time paging than executing. | Thrashing |
| What size segment will be allocated for a 39 KB request on a system using the Buddy system for kernel memory allocation? | 64 KB |
| The _____ is an approximation of a program's locality. | working set |
| A(n) ____ file is a sequence of subroutines and functions. | source |
| A(n) ____ file is a series of code sections that the loader can bring into memory and execute. | executable |
| In an environment where several processes may open the same file at the same time, how does an operating system typically keep track of open files? | A system-wide table and a per-process table. |
| An exclusive lock ________. | behaves like a writer lock. |
| A _____ is used on UNIX systems at the beginning of some files to roughly indicate the type of the file. | magic number |
| Which of the following is true of the tree-structured directory structure? | It is the most common directory structure. |
| The path name /home/people/os-student/chap9.txt is an example of __________. | an absolute path name |
| app.exe is an example of a(n) _____. | executable file |
| A mount point is _____. | the location where the file system is to be attached. |
| Which of the following is true of the direct-access method? | It allows programs to read and write records in no particular order. |
| Transfers between memory and disk are performed a _____ at a time. | block |
| A volume control block _______. | contains information such as the number of blocks in a partition, size of the blocks, and free-block and FCB count and pointers |
| The free-space list can be implemented using a bit vector approach. Which of the following is a drawback of this technique? | It is not feasible to keep the entire list in main memory for large disks. |
| Page caching ____. | uses virtual memory techniques to cache file data as pages as opposed to system-oriented blocks. |
| A disk with free blocks 0,1,5,9,15 would be represented with what bit map? | 1100010001000001 |
| ______ includes all of the file system structure, minus the actual contents of files. | Metadata |
| The file-allocation table (FAT) used in MS-DOS is an example of _____. | linked allocation |
| On UNIX systems, the data structure for maintaining information about a file is a(n) _____. | inode |
| Which algorithm is considered reasonable for managing a buffer cache? | least-recently-used (LRU) |
| Which of the following is the simplest method for implementing a directory? | linear list |
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hbilbrey
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