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Church-Medieval Euro

Content Questions for Lesson 3

TermDefinition
The Church was... the center of life in medieval western Europe and a daily presence from birth to death.
Town meetings, plays, and concerts... were held in churches.
the "Age of Faith" Historians sometimes call the the middle ages
Christian religion one of the most important legacies of ancient Rome
Initially, Romans persecuted Christians
395 C.E. Christianity became the official religion of Rome.
Roman Catholic Church All Christians in western Europe belonged to this church.
The Church provided... leadership and, at times, even organized the distribution of food.
By the High Middle Ages the Church created a system in which all clergy members had a rank. hierarchy.
The bishop of Rome or top guy. the pope
During the middle ages the Church acquired... great economic power by collecting a tithe or tax.
The Church came to wield great political power... They were often the only people that could read and kept the records.
Struggle between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV... Resolved when the pope threatened excommunication.
the Sacraments of the Catholic Church The Church taught that receiving them was an essential part of gaining salvation.
Sacrament a sacred rite of the Christian religion
Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Marriage, Holy Orders, Penance, Extreme Unction Sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church
Religious faith led many people to perform... extraordinary acts of devotion
pilgrimage a journey to a holy site
Reasons why pilgrims went on journeys show devotion to God, as an act of penance for sins, or in hopes of being cured of an illness
A second type of extraordinary service... Involved fighting in the Crusades
Crusades a series of military expeditions to the land where Jesus had lived - Christians call Holy Land
For what reason was art mostly made? Religious purposes
Why did artists choose paintings and sculpture to express themselves? Most people could not read
Where was most medieval art and architecture placed? Cathedrals and large churches headed by bishops.
In what style was churches built? Gothic style
Stone arches on the outside of churches... flying buttresses
Gargoyles They were unique features of Gothic cathedrals and carved in the form of mythical beasts.
Why were cathedrals a visible expression of Christian devotion? The were mostly constructed by hand and took on average 50 to 100 years to build.
Where did most schooling take place? monasteries, convents, and cathedrals
In medieval times who was the most likely to be educated? clergy
Who went to the church schools? Mostly, sons of nobles who were studying for careers in the clergy
Cathedral schools gave rise to what? universities
What Italian scholar tried to bridge the gap between reason and faith? Thomas Aquinas
How did Aquinas attempt to bridge the gap? He wrote logical arguments in support of his faith.
Natural Law the concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking
Who came up with natural law? Thomas Aquinas
What was natural law's effect on ancient philosophy and Christian theology? it helped to unify them
Festivals and fairs that marked important days of the year were connected in some way to ...? the Church
What were two of the main medieval holidays? Christmas and Easter
For Christians Christmas celebrates... the birth of Christ
For Christians Easter celebrates ... the Resurrection of Christ rising from the dead
Some men and women solemnly promised to devote their lives to God and the Church. Monastic Way of Life
St. Benedict The man who developed the monastic way of life in western Europe.
Jobs of monks caring for the poor and sick, teaching, and copying religious texts
Religious orders a brotherhood or sisterhood of monks, nuns, or friars
Men who joined religious orders were called... monks.
Women who joined religious orders were called... nuns.
The name of a man who wanted to live a religious life without the seclusion of the monastery... Friar
What was the practice of a friar? to travel among ordinary people to preach and to care for the poor and sick
The Roman Catholic Church played... a central role in daily life in medieval western Europe.
The Church was the center... of community life and acquired great political and economic power.
The Church's sacraments... marked all the most important occasions of life from birth to death.
Many people expressed their faith by going... on pilgrimages or fighting in the Crusades.
The importance of the Church to medieval people was ... seen in the art and architecture of churches, in education, and in holidays.
During the Middle Ages, Saint Benedict developed his... "Rule" for religious communities of monks and nuns.
persecute to cause a person to suffer because of their beliefs
monastery a community of monks
monk a man who has taken a solemn vow to devote his life to prayer
excommounicate to formally deprive a person of membership in a church
sacrament a solemn rite of Christian Churches
pilgrimage a journey to a holy site
relic a holy object touched by a saint or a holy person
convent a community of nuns... also called a nunnery
nun a woman who has taken a solemn vow to devote her life to prayer and service to the Church
rhetoric the study of persuasive writing and speaking
natural law the concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking
monasticism a way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world to devote their life to their faith
religious order the brotherhood or sisterhood of monks, nuns, or friars
friar a member of a certain religious order devoted to teaching and works of charity
clergy the body of people, such as priest, who perform the sacred functions of a church
Constantine was instrumental in stopping persecution of Christians.
Benedictine Monks lived in monasteries (communities devoted to prayer and service to fellow Christians)
Benedictine Rules poverty, chastity, and obedience
Benedictine Monks spent their time... prayer, study, and work; attended Church services, cared for poor and sick, taught, and farmed
Franciscan Friars traveled among ordinary people to preach and to care for the poor and sick
Franciscan Friar rules had to live in complete poverty and had to work or beg for food for themselves and the poor
Franciscan Friars spent their time... caring for the poor and sick; traveled; prayed
clergy order... Pope, Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, Priests
goal of the Crusades take back Jerusalem from Muslims
theology the study of God and religious truths
Created by: randy hogue
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