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Science

Vocab Test (Tectonic Plates)

TermDefinition
Pangaea Large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together
Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory that the earth's crust and upper mantle (lithosphere) are broken into plates that float and move around on a plastic layer of the mantle (asthenosphere)
Continental Drift Wegner's hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single, large landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions
Seafloor Spreading Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward towards the surface at a mid-ocean ridge
Convection Current Currents found in the Earth's mantle that transfers heat in the Earth's interior, and is the driving force for plate tectonics
Subsidence The sinking of regions of Earth's crust to lower elevations
Plate Boundary Place where two plates meet
Convergent Boundary Where two or more plates are moving towards each other
Divergent Boundary When two or more plates are moving apart
Transform Boundary When two plates slide past one another. They move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different rates causing earthquakes
Rift Zones A large valley shaped are of earth in which plates of the Earth's crust are moving away from each other, forming a system of cracks and faults
Trench A deep depression of the sea floor caused by the subduction of one plate under another
Fault Fracture in the Earth's surface when rocks change their shape by breaking apart; can form as a result of compression, being pulled apart, or shearing
Subduction Zone When oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plate plunges beneath the less dense continental plate. As the plate descends, molten rock forms and rises towards the surface creating volcanoes.
Lithosphere The solid, outer layer of Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Asthenosphere Layer of the Earth composed of the middle mantle and contains currents that drive plate movement
Created by: eabowman
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