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APUSH Ch. 13&14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| After the violence of Nat Turner's rebellion, white Virginians reassured themselves by | blaming the revolt on outside agitators |
| the passage of laws strengthening the institution of slavery and restricting free blacks by the Virginia legislature in 1831 was prompted by | Nat Turner's insurrection |
| in the decades after 1820, the most important factor in dividing the N and S was | the existence of ever-increasing numbers of slaves in the S |
| after 1829, what caused slavery to become more vigorous and profitable, which in turn increased the S's political power? | cotton production expanded to the W |
| In 1831 a French visitor to the US astutely observed that the major differences between the N and S were about | the S institution of Slavery |
| the cultivation of cotton was well suited to the S because | of its climate and geograpphy |
| by 1860 what % of the worlds supply of cotton was produced in the S US? | 75% |
| in 1790, there were fewer than 700,000 slaves in the S;by 1860 there were | over 4 mill |
| the growth in S slave pop was from | natural reproduction |
| in the lower south in 1860 | the numbers of white & blacks were almost equal |
| Southern whites of all classes were unanimous in their commitment to | white supremacy |
| initially, the white S said slavery was a "necessary evil" but started to say that | it was a positive good- it civilized them and taught them Christianity |
| the effect of the institution of slavery on S society was that | whites were unified around races not divided by social class |
| most white Sners in the antebellum S | didnt have slaves |
| planter vs farmer | planter had at least 20 slaves |
| staple crop from Carolinas to Georgia which required canals, dikes and lots of slaves | rice |
| before CW, S economy was agriculture, North had | agri, commerce and manufacturing |
| befor CW, why did S stay agri based and didnt diversity | planters made good profits & didnt want to threaten plantation system |
| b/c S lacked economic diversity | new Euro immigrants went to N usually |
| as late as 1850 no statewide public schools in S b/c | planters didnt feel need to educate workforce & state legislatures didnt provide lots of services |
| paternalism | slave's labor and obedience were exchanged for master's care and guidance |
| after US closed external slave trade, masters treated slaves better b/c | he wanted them to have babies |
| punishment usually was | whipping |
| plantation values that influenced S life b/f CW | slavery honor and male domination |
| plantation mistresses like slaves to husbands b/c | they were considered subordinate |
| S lady had to | manage servants, direct slave hospital & supervising henhouse and dairy |
| typical plantation mistress | no leisure and always on plantation |
| most mistresses quiet but Mary Boykin Chesnut kept dairy and hated | miscegenation |
| as a system, slavery was | found in almost every skilled and unskilled occupation in the S |
| elderly slaves | babysat, spun yarn fed livestock or cleaned stables |
| house servants | had less physically demanding work and better food |
| the driver | made sure slaves worked hard |
| slaves placed importance on | family religion and community |
| planters in nineteenth century promoted slave Christianity b/c | they believed slaves' salvation was part of their obligation and would make slaves obedient |
| African American Christianity | was an interpretation of the Christan message that emphasized justice and salvation |
| ways slaves reacted to their bondage | resistance: fake sick, broke equipment, played dumb |
| form of protest that made masters angry | running away |
| open slave revolts in S uncommon b/c | whites outnumbered blacks 1:2 and had guns |
| restrictions on free blacks | special taxes, no interstate travel, no schools or politics and had to have "freedom papers" |
| free black pop in S | rural, uneducated, unskilled laborers |
| mos white Sers were | nonslaveholding yeoman farmers |
| yeomen on plantation belt of S | relied on helpful neighborhood slave owners to help ship and sell cotton |
| typical plantation belt yeoman aspired to | move up to planter class |
| upcountry yeomen | raised livestock and were self-sufficient and independent |
| poor whites | worked ambitiously and wanted to move up from miserable living conditions |
| economy of upcountry S | combined barter, exchange and mutual assistance |
| S plain folk | attended religion more than school |
| S political system | extended suffrage to white males 21 or older |
| S politics democratized, meant | ordinary citizens vote but yeomen and artisans infrequently elected |
| elite class protected slavery by | stifling critics |
| john browns raid | demonstrated abolitionist determination |
| mexican war | wedge that divided nation on issue of slavery in territories |
| Wilmot Proviso of 1846 said | no slavery in mexican war territory |
| support for wilmot proviso from | Ners who wanted slavery abolished or reserved for white settlers |
| pop sovereignty | vote on slavery in territories |
| Whig strategy in 1848 was to nominate | military hero, no comment on slavery |
| Zachary Taylor enraged Sers by | free-soil and wanted Calli and NMex to be free |
| great debate of 1849-1850 issue was | power balance btwn N and S |
| compromise of 1850 sen Will h Seward said | higher law than Constitution- law of God |
| compromise of 1850 | not compromise or settlement of issures |
| fugitive slave act | all citizens had to help catch runaway slaves |
| Uncle toms cabin influenced N attitudes b/c it was a | compelling novel and stirred moral indictment of slavery |
| whigs lost election of 1852 b/c | less successful than Democrats in bridging differences btwn N and S |
| in 1852 US negotiated Gadsden Purchase to | build transcontinental railroad |
| 1854 Stephen A Douglas sponsored Kansas-Nebraska Act and included repealing Missouri Compromise b/c | he needed Sern support to pas, price was opening Nebraska to possibility of slavery |
| result of 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act | nation witnessed demise of Whig party and rise of system in which Democrats dominated S and Republican party limited in N |
| American party/know nothings appeared in mid 1850 as | reaction to lots of Roman Catholics coming to US form Germany and Ireland |
| common thread weaving N men into Rep party in1854 was | opposition to extension of slavery in US territories |
| presidential election of 1856 revealed | strength of republican party |
| reps glorious defeat in 1856 | meant that second party in 2 party system was sectional and didnt have to compromise on slavery |
| 1854 William Sweard said lets engage in competition for virgin soil of Kansas, challenge based on | Kansas was under pop sovereignty |
| early in struggle to win Kansas proslavery supporters | took control by vote fraud, intimidation and violence |
| first territorial legislature in Kansas | had tough proslavery laws on prompted gov opposition |
| john browns leadership of massacre at pottawatomie creek in Kansas lead to | guerilla warfare in territory |
| preston Brooks canning of Mass sen Charles Sumner | inflamed sectional passions on slavery |
| 1857 Dred Scott case supreme court said | he couldnt claim violation of rights b/c he wasnt citizen |
| Ben R Curtis said | d scott was free and citizen and Missouri compromise was constitutional |
| d scott decision increased tension | b/c gave N belief that Slave Power conspiracy existed and wanted to go against N liberties |
| mid 1850 Abe lincoln didnt want | extension of slavery i US |
| lincoln had typical racial attitude of white man but thought | slavery was morally wrong |
| proslavery forces in Lecompton Kansas drafted possibly fake proslavery constitution in 1857, stephan a douglas | broke with Buchanan administration and S party members and went against it |
| Freeport doctrine stephan a douglas said | slettlers couldnt pass legislation barring slavery in territories at that time they could just as effectively ban slavery by not passing laws to protect slavery |
| stephan a douglas tried to depict abe lincoldn as | abolitionist and color blind egalitarian who loved blacks |
| result of lincoln douglas debates | douglas won senate seat but lincoln became well known |
| N thought john browns raid | had good ideals but didnt excuse violence |
| john browns raid | left an increasing number of s whites to think that many N wanted to end slavery with violence |
| only persons who dont have revolver... described | environment of congress as they tried to elect speaker of the house |
| 1860 Democrats met to choose presidential canidaet and | split party in to S and N factions |
| in national crisis in election of 1860 S moderates didnt want to support Democratic party for federal slave code. instead they | organized Constitutional Union Party w/o platform |
| increasingly confident Republican Party | expanded platform to other issues |
| Abe lincoln became rep candidate b/c | he was moderate w/ solid rep credentials and represented Illinois |
| s fel hostility toward rep party and | didnt let lincolns name appear on ballot in 10/15 slave states |
| lincoln elected president b/c he had | stong free state support even though he only got 39% pop vote |
| trying to reduce S fear that lincoln would abolish slavery | alexander stephens wrote revolutions are much easier started than controlled. i consider slavery much more secure in the union than out of it |
| vote to secede after lincolns election was overwhelming only in | south carolina |
| upper south didnt secede as quick b/c | not as much slavery as deep south |
| buchanans response to secession was to say | it was unconstitutional then nothing |
| fist inaugural address lincoln was | reassuring and conciliatory towards S on slavery but wanted to keep union together |
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