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POSI
Chapter 1-5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Citizenship | in theory, refers to “enlightened political engagement” |
| Political efficacy | perception that one has the ability to influence government and politics |
| Totalitarian | governments recognize no limits on their authority. |
| authoritarian | governments recognize no limits on their authority, but they are constrained by other institutions, such as business or a church. |
| constitutional regimes | governments are limited both in what they can do (substantive limits) and the methods they can employ (procedural limits). |
| Autocracy- | government by a single, nonelected leader |
| oligarchy | government by a small group that is not accountable to the citizens. |
| democracy | a system that allows the citizens to select their leaders. |
| Liberty | freedom from governmental control |
| Democracy- | People choose their rulers,ultimate power rests with the citizenry, this is called “popular sovereignty.” |
| The Declaration of Independence: | written by Jefferson.July 2, and approved on July 4, 1776. |
| The Articles of Confederation: | 1st constitution of U.S Adopted November 15, 1777 |
| Constitutional convention. | *Intended to revise the Articles of Confederation.*Met in Philadelphia in May 1787.*12 states participated. *Rhode Island refused to participate |
| The three groups during the convention. | 1) The anti-nationalists:Hold on to state sovereignty.2) The state-equality nationalists:Real national gov’t,state equality.3)The majoritarian nationalists:Real national gov’t. |
| The 4 Big Issues at the Convention: | 1) Nat’l Gov’t Vs. State Sovereignty,Least divisive issue,2)Large Vs. Small states;Most important issue.3)North Vs. South.4)Executive Branch |
| Solutions (compromises) proposed for those issues. | *The Great Compromise,3/5 compromise,Commerce Compromise |
| The Federalist Papers. | Essays to support the constitution |
| Federalists | favored strong national gov.,supported the constitution,Property Owners,Elites,Filtration,Alexander hamilton,George washington |
| Anti-federalists- | Small farmers,strong state goverment, weak national goverment, People,individual rights,Patrick Henry,George Mason. |
| US Constitution | Limits on Government Power,Federalism,The Bill of Rights 1791 |
| Article I: | Legislative Branch:Makes Laws;Expressed(Power to tax) & Implied Congressional Powers.“Necessary and proper” clause; also called the elastic clause |
| Article II: | The Executive Branch;Execute Law |
| Article III: | The Judicial Branch:Judges the Law.power over the legislative and executive branches |
| Article IV: | Reciprocity Each state must give “full faith and credit” to official acts of other states and guarantee the citizens of any state the “privileges and immunities” of every other state. |
| Article V: | The Amending Process.Formal Proposal: 2/3 votes by each house; |
| Article VI: | The Supremacy Clause: laws passed by the national government and all the treaties are the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state or any subdivision. |
| Unitary system | a centralized government system where lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government. |
| federal system | the national government shares power with lower levels of government. |
| confederacy systems | powers are concentrated in the hands of local gov’ts; central gov’t is the creature of local governments. |
| Expressed powers | are found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, power to declare war, levy taxes, regulate commerce and currency |
| Implied powers- | are found at the end of Section 8, which grants Congress the right “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution” the expressed powers |
| Reserved Powers | or 10th. Amendment: the powers not delegated to the national government or prohibited to the states are “reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.” Ex. Police Powers |
| Concurrent Powers: | are possessed by both the states and the national government; for example the power to levy and to collect taxes. |
| Forbidden Powers: | are forbidden to the national government, the state governments, or both; for example power to create titles of nobility. |
| Amendment 1 | Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition |
| Amendment 2 | Right to bear arms. |
| Amendment 3 | Citizens do not have to house soldiers |
| Amendment 4 | No unreasonable search or arrest. |
| Amendment 5 | Due process; No Self-incrimination;No double jeopardy. |
| Amendment 6 | Rights of accused in criminal cases |
| Amendment 7 | Trial by jury |
| Amendment 8 | No excessive bail or cruel punishment |
| Amendment 9 | Unenumerated rights (not listed rights) retained by the people |
| Amendment 10 | States rights. |
| Amendment 11 | Individual cannot sue a state in a federal court. |
| Amendment 12 | Revison of presedital election |
| Amendment 13 | Abolish slavery |
| Amendment 14 | Citizenship,State due process,State equal protection |
| Amendment 15 | Racial suffrage |
| Amendment 16 | Income tax. |
| Amendment 17 | Popular election of U.S. Senators |
| Amendment 18 | Prohibition |
| Amendment 19 | Women get the right to vote |
| Mayflower Compact 1620 | Reason: Create a civil Body Politic to serve the general good of the colony. |
| The Problems w/ the Mayflower Compact | *The document does not deal with the problem of constitutionalism.*The document is concerned with justice but NOT with self government. |
| Symbols of Mayflower Compaxt | General Good, Justice, Deliberation. |
| Symbols in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | *Written Constitution.*Dependence upon the people.*Legislative supremacy*Majority rule*Self-government. |
| The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Problem of Constitutionalism | Written Constitution, Dependence upon the people |
| The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Problem of Self-Gov’t with Justice | Were not concerned with just laws, Saw themselves as self-governing |
| Massachusetts Body of Liberties Symbols: | *Procedural rights,Virtuous people,Higher law. |
| Massachusetts Body of Liberties Characteristics | 1) Rule of law ( Gov’t of law Not of man).2) Legislative supremacy.3) Self-government |
| Massachusetts Body of Liberties Problem of self-gov’t with justice: | understood themselves as a self-governing community.wanted to adhere to a higher standard,They understood the demands of humanity, civility, and Christianity, and they wanted to live by them. |
| Massachusetts Body of LibertiesProblem of constitutionalism: | Written constitution,Dependence upon the people,Procedural rights |
| Virginia Bill of Rights | *First document where people claimed they have the right to self-government. |
| Virginia Bill of Rights Problem of constitutionalism: | Written constitution,Dependence on the people,Procedural rights,Substantive rights Separation of powers. |
| Virginia Bill of Rights Problem of self-gov’t with justice: | Virtue and character,Sec. 15 |
| Virginia Bill of Rights Symbols: | Substantive rights.Separation of powers.Limited governments |
| The 4 documents of self-gov. and constitutionalism. | *The mayflower Compact *The Virginia bill of rights *Massachusetts body of liberty *Fundamental orders of Connecticut |
| States attending the convention | Connecticut,Georgia,Maryland,New york,New Jersey,North Carolina,South Carolina,Pennsylvania,Virgina,New hampshire,Mashettueches,Delware |
| The 4 weakness of Articles of Confederation | No power to tax,Only had One branch,Difficult amending process,no court system |
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