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AP Gov Judicial
Supreme court and judicial system
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Appellate jurisdiction | authority of a court to hear an appeal from a lower court |
Civil law | concerns noncriminal disputes between private parties |
Class action lawsuit | lawsuit brought on behalf of a class of people against a defendant, e.g., lawsuits brought by those who have suffered from smoking against tobacco companies |
Concurring opinion | written by a Supreme Court Justice who voted with the majority, but for different reasons |
Dissenting opinion | written by a Supreme Court Justice (or Justices) who express a minority viewpoint in a case |
Injunction | court order that forbids a party from performing a certain action |
Judicial activism | philosophy that the courts should take an active role in solving problems |
Judicial restraint | philosophy that the courts should defer to elected lawmakers in setting policy, and should instead focus on interpreting law rather than making law |
Judicial review | power of the courts to review the constitutionality of laws or government actions |
Majority opinion | written to express the majority viewpoint in a Supreme Court case |
Original jurisdiction | authority of a court to first hear a case |
Remand | the Supreme Court’s sending of a case back to the original court in which it was heard |
Rule of four | the Supreme Court will hear a case if four Justices agree to do so |
Stare decisis | Latin for “let the decision stand.” Supreme Court policy of following precedent in deciding cases |
Writ of certiorari | issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records of a case so that it can be reviewed by the high court |
Writ of habeas corpus | court order that the authorities show cause for why they are holding a prisoner in custody; deters unlawful imprisonment |
Writ of mandamus | court order directing a party to perform a certain action |