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Managment Activities
Leaving Cert business
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Planning. | Planning involves selecting organisational goals or objectives and setting out ways to achieve them. Plans reduce risk and uncertainty and give an organisation purpose and direction. |
Advantages of planning. | Employee involvement: all people in the enterprise have a say in the development of the plan. They will have looked at all the opportunities and threats, the plan is therefore clear and agreed. |
Advantages of planning. | Change: is viewed as normal. Emphasis is placed on seeking out new opportunities. Decision making: this becomes common. All options have to be considered |
Advantages of planning. | Plan for the future: business planning helps organisations to look ahead to the future and cope with change. Change occurs in the use of technology, new products, competitors, society etc. |
Forecasting. | This is the anticipation of a probable event, involving the use of foresight and judgement. It is a look into the future. Plans are developed from forecast, e.g. change in economic trends, new technology. |
Objectives. | The objectives of an organisation are what it is trying to achieve. It’s aims. |
Objectives must be SMART. | Specific: must be clear, know who is to carry them out, what it is trying to achieve. Measurable: must be possible to see if it is working or not. E.g. reduction in tonnes of waste. Achievable: it must be possible to achieve our objectives. |
Planning procedure. | Analyse the situation: before drawing up a plan a S.W.O.T. analysis of the company/situation should be carried out. Strengths: things the company is good at Weaknesses: things the company does badly. Opportunities: external possibilities for growth. |
2010 LCQ | What is meant by the term SWOT analysis? Conduct a SWOT analysis on a business of your choice. |
SWOT analysis | this is a strategic planning method. It is used to assess a business in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In a SWOT analysis, strengths and weaknesses are internal factors while opportunities and threats are external factors. |
Ryanair Strengths | Brand name: Ryanair through its 17 years in the market place has developed a very well recognised brand name. Internet site: 94% of its bookings are conducted on www.ryanair.com. This lowers the cost of bookings. |
Ryanair Weaknesses | Distance of some regional airports from advertised destination. Prone to bad press. |
Opportunities | A lot of new destinations opened up throughout the EU. Economic slowdown actually helps Ryanair, consumers seek lower fares in recessionary times. |
Threats | Dependence on oil markets, fuel costs huge threat to air travel. Increase of low fare competition. |
Strength | excellent staff, up-to-date machinery. |
Weaknesses | : not enough money, out-of-date machinery. |
Opportunity | new countries join E.U. |
Threat | competition from new E.U. countries. |
Planning procedure. | 2. Decide on objectives: the business should use the results of the SWOT analysis to help it set its objectives. These are the goals that the business wants to achieve. |
Types of Plans | Strategic Plan: these are developed over the long-term (1-5 years). Internal: The plan looks at existing practices deciding on the action to be taken and the setting of a time scale for completion. |
Policies | These are expressed means employed by an enterprise to achieve objectives. A “policy” guides the decisions and actions of people in the enterprise. They may list procedures to be followed and provide recommended methods to perform work. |
Organisation Chart | An “organisation chart” shows how an organisation expects to get things done. |
Span of Control. | The span of control is the number of employees that report directly to a manager. It is the number of employees that a manager can effectively supervise. |
Factors which affect the width of the span of control | The ability of the manager: if the manager is not very experienced as a manger, their span of control will be narrow. This is because they will not be experienced and confident enough to operate a wide span of control. |
Chain of Command | This is the line on which orders and decisions are passed down from top to bottom of the hierarchy and feedback is passed back up. |
Advantages of organising | Everyone in the business knows who to go to with a problem |
2002 LCQ | Organising is the most important management activity. Do you agree with this statement? Support your opinion with two reasons and examples. |
Controlling. | Controlling is comparing results with original plans and measuring performance. Set standards. Compare actual results with plans. Correct deviations (differences). Learn from mistakes. |