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BB Chapter 8-9
Practice test for Blood Banking 8-9, post review, Deltech Owens Campus.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| No agglutination or hemolysis indicates what when crossmatching/compatibility test? | compatibility |
| What antibody class is being tested when performing a crossmatch? | IgG |
| What blood component is being tested when performing a major crossmatch on the recipient? | plasma |
| What tests are included when running a compatibility test? | 1. ABO front typing 2. ABO back typing 3. Antibody screen 4. Crossmatch |
| What is the purpose of crossmatching? | Double check for ABO front and back typing errors |
| Instant spin phase is used when crossmatching because it tests for __ errors. | ABO (or ABO compatibility errors) |
| Agglutination or hemolysis indicates what when crossmatching/compatibility testing? | incompatibility |
| If you're type B, you have strong anti-__. | anti-B |
| What are the 3 phases of crossmatching? | 1. Instant spin 2. 37C 3. AHG |
| When is IS crossmatching done? | when patient has no evidence of a clinically significant antibody in current sample OR historical record. |
| What would you do if a patient had a reaction in-vitro to the IS phase of a crossmatch? | You would continue to follow all phases of the crossmatch through to the end. |
| Two common ABO phenotyping errors include? | 1. error IDing patient 2. sample labeling error |
| How do you resolve the 2 major ABO phenotyping errors? | 1. Repeat ABO test for ID error 2. Redraw patient blood if labels are wrong |
| When are all phases of antiglobulin testing performed? | When patient demonstrates having a clinically significant antibody in current sample OR in historic record |
| If you're type 0, you have strong anti-__. | A and B |
| Which anntibody reaction is considered clinically significant? | IgG |
| Hemolysis is always (positive or negative?) for a reaction. | positive |
| Name 3 kinds of unexpected antibodies that could cause problems in the IS crossmatch. | 1. cold alloantibody 2. Anti-A1 in A2 patient 3. Cold autoantibody |
| How do you resolved issues with the 3 unexpected antibodies that cause problem in the IS crossmatch? | 1. test panel cells for alloantibody 2. Test for A2 cells 3. Determine clinical significance of cold autoantibody |
| Does an acceptable crossmatch guarantee a successful transfusion? | no |
| How do you know if the blood recipient's reaction was because of the wrong type? | Acute hemolysis will occur |
| What is required of patient and sample information by AABB standards? | 2 independent identifiers must be used |
| How old can the patient plasma or serum be for testing when if the patient was recently transfused or is pregnant? | 72 hours (3 days) |
| Can hemolyzed samples be used for testing? | No. |
| Does a compatible crossmatch guarantee the survival of donated RBCs in a recipient's body? | no |
| Which is better for testing: plasma or serum? | plasma - serum has complement factors and plasma does not |
| Current blood ABO and D typing must be compared with results performed over how long? | 12 months |
| When confirming ABO labeling of stored blood, when would you run a D test? | When blood is labeled D negative. |
| Does a negative antibody screen guarantee that the patient does not have clinically signicant antibodies? | no |
| ABO and D typing discrepancies should be resolved before __. | transfusion |
| What kind of reagent RBCs should be used when performing an antibody detection? | unpooled reagent RBCs |
| Crossmatching demonstrates ABO __ and clinically significant __ to RBC antigens. | ABO incompatibility and antibodies to RBC antigens |
| How long should the patient and donor samples be saved after a transfusion? | 7 days |
| *D-negative units should be given to D-negative recipients, especially who? | women of child bearing age |
| *Antigen negative units are recommended for which 5 antibodies? | ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd |
| What 6 things must be on the tag for crossmatched donor units? | 1. full name and 2 independent IDs 2. name of blood product 3. Donor unit number or pool number 4. expiration date and ABO/D type 5. Crossmatch interpretation 6. tech's ID |
| A pregnant woman's test sample is 73 hours old. Can you use it for testing? | No. The maximum age is 72 hours. |
| Blood products may be reissued if ? | 1. the closure has not been entered 2. unit kept at 1-10C for RBCs 3. if unit returned to storage within 30 mins |
| Blood may be released for emergencies if a release form has be signed by ? | the physician |
| When releasing a unit of blood for emergency release, what part of the unit should be retained for crossmatching? | the segment |
| What type of blood is best to use for emergency release? | O-neg packed RBCs |
| What is a massive transfusion? | A total volume exchange of blood within 24 hours. (Usually about 12 units) |
| What is required when issuing a donor unit? There are 9 of these, only 6 will fit in the answer column. The remaining answers are on the next block. | 1. physician's order 2. recipient's identifiers, ABO/D type 3. Patient name and blood product on requisition form 4. unit tag and label must match 5. valid expiration date 6. unit must appear unclotted and normal |
| The remaining answers from previous questions.. | 7. signed documentation of unit issuer and receiver 8. special transfusion requirements 9. Date & time of issue, unit destination |
| Is a crossmatch done for a massive transfusion if more than 12 units are used or transfusion takes more than 24 hours? | no |
| Should you give a transfusion to someone who is septic? | no |
| What type of blood is given in an emergency? | Type O-neg |
| How can the facility's maximum surgical blood order schedule help you prepare for transfusion orders? | The average number blood units is used as the standard order for surgical procedures. It may also be used for the number of autologous units that can be donated for a procedure. |
| A typing and screening procedure includes what tests? | ABO, Rh, antibody screening |
| What are the advantages of type and screening procedures? | 1. Fast 2. makes blood available quickly 3. conserves inventory of blood |
| When is a type and screen (T/S) procedure ordered? | When a surgical procedure uses less than 1 unit of RBCs. |
| When is crossmatching done on a T/S sample? | When blood is needed. |
| What is the goal of T/S? | conserve blood inventory |
| ABO and D typing must be performed on infants younger than how many months of age? | 4 |
| Is serum test needed for infants less than 4 months old? | no |
| For infants less than 4 months of age, antibody screening must be performed how? | on the mother's sample, but it can be done on the infants as well |
| Why would you use the mother's blood instead of an infants? | They don't have full developed antibodies |
| A baby can be blood typed from blood that has been taken from where? | the heel (heel stick's are done on babies) |
| What kind of blood related stores do not need to be crossmatched? | 1. frozen plasma 2. platelet concentrates 3. croprecipitate |
| Plasma products are ABO serum __. | compatible |
| Do cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrates need to be ABO compatible with the recipient? | no |
| When must apheresis and granulocyte concentrates be crossmatched? | If they have more than 2 mLs of RBCs in them. |
| A person's blood type or blood antigens are on the ? | RBCs |
| The universal donor for non-RBC or non-cell donations is ? | AB |
| If a person is A-pos and has anti-C (big C) what type of blood should you give them? | A-pos and C-negative (big C negative) |
| If you do a crossmatch and get an error from the check cells (which should be 2+), what is the most likely reason for the errors? | Did not wash cells correctly |
| If a patient is type O and you are out of type O packed RBCs, what type of blood should you give them? | there isn't any - you must get more type O |
| What test is performed on autologous (self) units of blood? | ABO and Rh |
| Why do you perform ABO and Rh tests on autologous units if they're to be given back to the donor? | in case of labeling or clerical errors |
| How would you increase the sensitivity of antibodies in a test? | 1. use more sample 2. incubate the sample longer 3. use different LISS to enhance the reaction |
| What are the advantages of gel over tubes for blood typing? (NOTE: the first 3 were mentioned during the review, the others can be found in our Powerpoints.) | 1. gel is faster 2. more standardized 3. fewer steps involved (less change of error) 4. cross training is easier 5. productivity is better 6. workflow efficiency is better 7. no cell washing 8. no microscope needed |
| What are the disadvantages of gel over tubes for blood typing? | More expensive; special incubators and centrifuges are needed. Even the recommended pipettor is a $1000! |
| What tests can automated systems perform? | 1. ABO 2. Rh 3. antibody screen 4. crossmatch |
| How long do you incubate a gel card? | 15 mins |
| How long do you centrifuge a gel card? | 10 mins |
| What sort of sample is used for testing with gel cards? | plasma NOT SERUM |
Created by:
IsaacJ
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