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NAPLEX Review

2014 Naplex review

Question	Answer
ss	one half
ac	before meals
pc	after meals
gtt, gtts	drop, drops
au	each ear
as	left ear
ad	right ear
ATC	around the clock
hs	at bedtime
BID	twice a day
TID	three times a day
QID	four times a day
BIW	two times a week
TIW	three times a week
OS	left eye
OD	right eye
OU	each eye
qs	sufficient quantity
qs ad	sufficient quantity to make
NR	no refills
c or w/	with
s or w/o	without
inj	injection
X	times
mL	milliliter
NTE	not to exceed
MDI	metered dose inhaler
q	every
qd	every day
qod	every other day
PO	by mouth/orally
NPO	nothing by mouth
IV	intravenous
IVP	intravenous push
IVPB	intravenous piggy-back
ID	intradermal
IM	intramuscular
subc, subq, SC, SQ	subcutaneous
ung	ointment
top	topically
WA	while awake
prn	as needed
stat	immediately
SL	sublingual
sup or supp	suppository
PR	per rectum
BM	bowel movement
N/V or N&V	nausea and vomiting
tsp(t)	teaspoon, 5mL
tbsp (T)	tablespoon, 15mL
1 fl oz	1 ounce, 30mL approximate (29.6mL actual)
1 cup	8 oz
1 pint	16 oz, 2 cups, 473 mL
1 quart	2 pints, 946mL
1 gallon	4 quarts, 3,685mL
1 kg	2.2 lbs
1 oz (weight)	28.4 g
1 pound	454g
1 inch	2.54 cm
1 grain	65mg approx, 64.8mg actual
%w/v	g/100mL
%v/v	ml/100mL
%w/w	g/100g
If SCr:BUN is >20, then what?	Patient is dehydrated
Ratio Strength: 4% means what?	4 parts:100 parts = 1 part:25 parts
BMI calcuation?	(weight lbs.)(703)/(height inchesheight inches)
BMI: Underweight?	<18.5
BMI: Normal?	18.5-24.9
BMI: Overweight?	25-29.9
BMI: Obese?	30+
IBW calculation	Men: 50kg + 2.3kg*(every inch >5 feet) Women: 45.5kg + 2.3kg(every inch >5 feet)
Cockroft Gault GFR estimate calculation?	((140-age)Weight/72SCr)*(0.85 If patient is female) BMI<18.5, use actual weight BMI 18.5-24.9, use IBW BMI 25+, use adjusted bodyweight
ABW (adjusted bodyweight) calculation?	ABW = IBW+0.4(TotalBodyWeight - IBW)
GFR: Mild renal insufficiency, CKD stage 2?	GFR = 60-89
GFR: Moderate renal insufficiency, CKD stage 3?	GFR = 30-59
GFR: Severe renal insufficiency, CKD stage 4?	GFR = 15-29
GFR: Renal failure, CKD stage 5?	GFR = <15 or patient on dialysis
Specific Gravity	Weight in grams(g)/volume in milliliters(mL)
Diluting and concentration equation	Q(uantity)1 * C(oncentration)1 = Q(uantity)2 * C(oncentration)2
Alligation equation	Aa + Bb = Cc where caps are volumes and smaller case are concentrations
Kcals per gram of fats?	9 kcals/gram
Kcals per gram of carbohydrates?	4 kcals/gram
Kcals per gram of proteins or amino acids?	4 kcals/gram
Kcals per gram of DEXTROSE?	3.4kcals/gram
Kcals per gram of glycerol/glycerin?	4.3kcals/gram
Kcals per gram of IV fat emulsion 10%?	1.1 kcals/g
Kcals per gram of IV fat emulsion 20%?	2 kcals/g
Kcals per gram of IV fat emulsion 30%?	3 kcals/g
Daily fluid requirements calculation? Valid only when pt. >20kg	1500mL + (20mL)*(weight in kg-20)
Protein requirements for a non-hospitalized (non-stressed) patient	0.8-1g/kg/day
Protein requirements for a hospitalized or malnourished (stressed) patient	1.2-2g/kg/day
Total Energy Expenditure Equation	Basal energy expenditure equation (Harris-Benedict)activity factorstress factor
Nitrogen balance: 1g of nitrogen is equivalent to how many grams of protein?	6.25g protein
Nitrogen balance: Equation for calculating nitrogen intake in grams?	Grams of protein/6.25
Corrected Calcium: Equation?	(Serum Calcium)+((4-albumin)*(0.8))
1mg of aminophylline is how many mg of theophylline?	0.8mg theophylline
1 grain is how many mg?	65mg
Waist circumference becomes a risk factor for men at or above how many inches?	40+ inches
Waist circumference becomes a risk factor for women at or above how many inches?	35+ inches
Body Surface Area: Calculation	Meters^2=Sqrt((height in cm*weight in kg)/3600)
Osmolarity: Calculation	mOsmol/L=((concentration of substance in g/L)/(MW in g/mol))(# of species)(1000)
Sodium Chloride Equivalency (i=dissociation factor)	E=((58.5)i)/((MW of drug)(1.8))
Mol	g/MW
mmol	mg/MW
mEq	(mg)*(valence)/MW or mmol/valence
Fahrenheit to centigrade?	F=(C)*(9/5)+32
Henderson-Hasselbach: Weak Acids Calculation	pH = pKa + log (salt/acid)
Henderson Hasselback: Weak Bases Calculation	pH = pKa + log(base/salt)
Half-life: Calculation	T1/2 = 0.693/K
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Normal Value	2200-8000
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) Calculation	ANC = WBC*(% neutrophils) % neutrophils = segs+bands
Anion Gap is high (gap acidosis) when?	>12
Anion Gap Calculation	AG = Na - (Cl+HCO3)
Aliquot Measurement Calculation	Mean Weighable Quantity (MWQ) = Sensitivity Requirement (SR)/(% error)
Relative Risk is?	Exposed or treated group or event/unexposed or treated group or event
RR <1 means?	treatment reduces risk of occurrence
RR = 1 means?	No difference in risk between treatment or untreated group
RR >1 means?	Treatment increases risk of occurrence
Relative Risk Reduction is?	(%event occurence of control or placebo)*(%event occurence of treatment)/(% event occurrence of control or placebo), OR RRR=1-RR(Relative Risk)
Normal Range: Sodium (Na)	135-147
Normal Range: Potassium (K)	3.5-5
Normal Range: SCr (Serum Creatinine)	0.6-1.2
Normal Range: Glucose	<100 (fasting) <180 (post-prandial)
Chem 7 Spider layout?	Na/K then Cl/HCO3 then BUN/SCr, then Glucose
CBC Spider layout?	Left: WBC Top: HBG Bottom: HCT Right: Platelets
List the substances that do not dissociate. (dissociation particle # of 1)	Dextrose Mannitol
List the substances that dissociate into 2 particles (dissociation particle # of 2)	Potassium Chloride (KCl) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2)
List the substances that dissociate into 3 particles (dissociation particle # of 3)	Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
List the substances that dissociate into 4 particles (dissociation particle # of 4)	Sodium Citrate (Na3C6H5O7)
List the substances with a valence number of 1	Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) Potassium Chloride (KCl) Potassium Gluconate (KC6H11O7) Sodeium Acetate (NaC2H3O2) Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
List the substances with a valence number of 2	Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) Calcium chloride (CaCl2) Disodium phosphate Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)
Namenda generic name	memantine
Namenda XR -- with or without food?	With food or drink
Namenda -- comes in which forms?	Capsule, oral solution
Donepezil -- indications?	Mild to severe Alzheimer's Disease by itself and in combination with memantine
Why is donepezil recommended to be taken in the evening?	It causes nausea and patients can sleep through the effect.
Exelon generic name?	Rivastigmine
How often are Exelon(rivastigmine) patches applied?	Daily. (30 per box)
Do Exelon(rivastigmine) patches need to be removed for an MRI?	No; they contain no metal.
Will levonorgesterel emergency contraception taken while pregnant cause birth defects or other problems?	No. It won't terminate an existing pregnancy or hurt future fertility.
If a woman misses 2+ pills of oral contraceptive in the last week of a packet (days 15-21 of a 28 day packet), what should she do?	Omit the hormone free week by finishing the pills in the current pack and starting a new pack the next day.
What is the only emergency contraceptive that can be sold over the counter?	Plan B One-Step.
What are the age and gender requirements to purchase Plan B One Step over the counter?	No age or gender requirements.
What word is in the names of the oral contraceptives that give you 3 months between menses?	Season -- Seasonale, Seasonique, and LoSeasonique. Seasonale has 7 days of placebo, Seasonique has 7 days of low dose estrogen.
What is unique about Lybrel birth control?	It is continuous -- 28 active tablets, no placebo, and no cycle.
Nor-QD is progestin-only. If you miss a dose, or the timing of a dose, and have intercourse, is there a risk of pregnancy?	Yes. Progestin only contraceptives have to be taken the same time every day.
How long can NuvaRing be left out before increased risk of pregnancy?	Three hours.
Can NuvaRing be stored at room temperature once dispensed, or must it be refrigerated?	Can be stored at room temperature for up to four months once dispensed.
If mid-cycle (days 14-21) breakthrough bleeding occurs on an oral contraceptive, what is likely the cause?	Too little estrogen.
What is a "mini pill" or POP?	Progestin-only-pill.
Do you have to start a mini pill/POP at any particular time?	Nope, any time.
If a pregnancy test is positive, what hormone is in the urine?	Human chorionic gonadotropin.
Brand name mometasone?	Nasonex
Fluticasone brand names?	Flonase, Veramyst
Do antihistamines help with congestion?	No. That's why they also come with decongestants.
Beclomethasone brand names?	Qnasl, Beconase AQ
Principal extracellular cation?	Sodium
Tweens and spans are used in preparing what?	emulsions
Are the liquids in an emulsion miscible or immiscible?	Immiscible.
Tween is a what?	Surfactant
Are surfactants used as wetting agents?	Yes
Sorbitol has 3 roles in compounding. They are?	Sweetener Thickening agent Plasticizer for gelatin capsules
pH>pKa, compound is weak acid or weak base?	pH>pKa, weak base
pH<pKa, compound is weak acid or weak base?	pH<pKa, weak acid
Can Asenapine be used for bipolar disorder?	Yes, it is an antipsychotic used for mood stabilization.
Should lithium be taken with food?	Yes, or it will cause intolerable GI upset.
What condition characterized by fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and mental sluggishness can be caused by lithium?	Hypothyroidism.
Can lithium cause weight gain?	Yes.
Are tics and vocal outbursts associated with bipolar disorder directly?	No
What is the generic for Depakene?	Valproic acid
Symbyax generic names?	Olanzapine and fluoxetine
Does valproic acid cause agranulocytosis?	No
Can valproic acid cause pancreatitis?	Yes.
Lithium follows salt -- if a patient decreases salt intake, what can occur?	Lithium toxicity. The kidneys retain lithium and salt together.
Proper range for Lithium?	0.6-1.2 mEq/L
Is it a problem becoming pregnant on hydroxychloroquine?	No.
Generic name for Plaquenil?	Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and what other autoimmune disorder?	Lupus.
Cyclophosphamide can cause what 4 serious adverse effects?	Cyclophosphamide can cause bone marrow suppression leading to severe infections, hemorrhagic cystitis, and fertility problems (among others).
Arava generic?	Leflunomide.
Target INR range?	2-3 for moderate
Length of time you need to be on warfarin for DVT prophylaxis due to a reversible cause?	3 months
If INR goes up, bleed risk...?	Goes up as well.
Indication for dabigatran?	To reduce stroke and blood clots in NON-VALVULAR atrial fibrillation
Pradaxa generic name?	Dabigatran
Pradaxa mechanism of action?	Direct thrombin inhibitor
Does dabigatran need any monitoring?	No
Does dabigatran need to be taken with food?	no
Is dabigatran dosed QD or BID?	BID
Do LMWH require aPTT monitoring?	No
Dose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) for someone with good renal function?	30mg SQ BID or 40mg QD
Dose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) for someone with poor renal function?	30mg SQ QD
Amiodarone+warfarin potentiates or blocks warfarin's activity?	Potentiates -- increased bleed risk
Define xerostomia	Dry mouth
Length of days Pradaxa capsules are good once bottle is open?	120 days
Risk associated with long term heparin use?	Osteoporosis
Two ways heparin can be given?	Subq and IV
LMWH have a black box warning for?	Spinal/epidural hematoma formation
Is phenobarbital a CYP inducer or inhibitor?	Inducer.
Brand name for etanercept?	Enbrel
What class is etanercept (Enbrel)?	Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor (TNF-alpha inhibitor/Anti-TNF biologic)
Generic name for Humira?	Adalimumab.
Class of Humira (adalimumab)?	Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor (TNF-alpha inhibitor/Anti-TNF biologic)
What disease state might you see tumor necrosis factor inhibitors given in?	Rheumatoid arthritis
Daily recommended dose of folic acid for a female of child-bearing age?	400-800mcg/day
Max dose of Vitamin E/day?	150 IU
Daily iron dose for babies prior to them starting an iron rich diet?	1mg/kg/day
VFEND generic?	Voriconazole
Cleocin generic?	Clindamycin
Linezolid class?	oxazolindone
anidulafungin brand name?	Eraxis
Is Bactrim IV light-sensitive?	Yes
Does Bactrim-IV need to be refrigerated?	No
Is bactrim IV compatible with NS?	No
Does bactrim need to be dose adjusted in patients with severe renal impairment?	yes
Can Bactrim IV be converted to PO in 1:1 ratio?	yes
Does INH have to be taken on an empty stomach?	Yes
Is INH a potent enzyme inducer?	No
Is INH contraindicated in gout?	No
Can INH be used alone to treat TB?	Yes
Does INH require dose adjustments in renal impairment?	No
Does tigecycline require renal dosing?	No
Out of the following, only one needs refrigeration. It is? Ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin.	Cephalexin
Avelox (moxifloxacin) and VFEND (voriconazole) have what in common?	Cause light sensitivity -- counsel on sunscreen use.
Cefazolin brand name	Kefzol
Cephalexin brand name	Keflex
Cefuroxime brand name	Ceftin, Zinacef
Cefdinir brand name	Omnicef
Ceftazidime brand name	Fortaz, Tazicef
Ceftriaxone brand name	Rocephin
Imipenem/Cilastatin brand name	Primaxin
Merropenem brand name	Merem
Ertapenem brand name	Invanz
Doripenem brand name	Doribax
Doxycycline brand names	Vibramycin, Oracea, Doryx, Monodox
Why is the doxycycline form Oracea different?	Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. The other forms you take with food to minimize GI upset.
Voriconazole can cause what side effects?	Visual changes.
Should you take voriconazole with food?	No.
Is voriconazole the preferred agents for Aspergillus infection?	Yes
Do you have to worry about renal function with voriconazole oral formulations?	No
Does voriconazole oral suspension have to be refrigerated?	No
Generic Glucophage?	Metformin
Metformin class?	Biguanide
Biguanide (metformin) mechanism of action?	Decrease hepatic glucose release, decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, increase insulin sensitivity.
Temporarily discontinue which antidiabetic if iodinated contrast media is being used?	Metformin. Risk of lactic acidosis.
Riomet generic?	Metformin. Liquid.
Metaglip generic	Metformin and glipizide
Glucovance generic	Metformin and glyburide
Actoplus generic	Metformin and pioglitazone
Avandamet generic	Metformin and rosiglitazone
Janumet generic	Metformin and sitagliptin
Sulfonylurea MOA	Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Glucotrol generic	Glipizide
Amaryl generic	Glimepiride
DiaBeta generic	Glyburide
Sulfonylureas (3 that are used)	Glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide
Class that cannot be used with sulfonylureas	meglitinides (Prandin/repaglinide). Meglitinides are a weaksauce version of sulfonylureas, binding at the same site but with less affinity.

Created by: jaishenan

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