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Medical Terminology
Chapter 11: The Special Senses of the Eyes and Ears
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Adnexa | The accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ |
acous/o , acoust/o , audi/o , audit/o , ot/o | Hearing, sound, ear |
ambly/o | Dull, dim |
anis/o | Unequal |
blephar/o | Eyelid |
-cusis | Hearing |
dacryocyst/o , lacrim/o | Lacrimal sac (tear sac) |
dipl/o | Double |
ec- , ecto- , exo- , ex- | Out, outside, away from |
-ectomy | Surgical removal, cutting out, excision |
emmetr/o | In proper measure |
en- | In, within, into |
eso- | Inward |
glauc/o | Gray |
hemi- | Half |
-iasis | Abnormal condition, disease |
ir/i , ir/o , irid/o , irit/o | iris, colored part of the eye, muscle surrounding the pupil |
kerat/o | Horny, hard, cornea |
labryrinth/o | Maze, labyrinth, the inner ear |
-metry | To measure |
myc/o | Fungus |
mydri/o | Wide |
myring/o , tympan/o | Tympanic membrane, eardrum |
nyct/o , nyctal/o | Night |
-opia | Vision condition |
opt/i , opy/p , optic/o , ophthalm | Eye, vision |
peri- | Surrounding, around |
phac/o , phak/o | Lens of eye |
phot/o | Light |
pinn/i | External ear, auricle |
-plasty | Surgical repair |
presby/o | Old age |
retin/o | Retina, net, posterior sensitive layer of the eye |
-rrhea | Flow or discharge |
scler/o | Sclera, white of eye, hard |
strab/i | Squint, squint-eyed |
tinnit/o | Ringing, buzzing, tinkling |
trop/o | Turn, change |
vertig/o | Whirling around |
Amblyopia | Dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye |
Ametropia | Any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina |
Anesthetic Ophthalmic Solution | Medication used to induce anesthesia |
Anisocoria | A condition in which the pupil are unequal in size |
Antiglaucoma Drugs | Medications that prevent or alleviate glaucoma |
Artificial Tears | Lubricant eye drops used to treat the dryness and irritation associated with deficient tear production |
Assistive Listening Device (ALD) | A device that transmits, processes, or amplifies sound, and can be used with or without a hearing |
Astigmatism | A condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea |
Audiometry | The use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity |
Barotrauma | Pain or discomfort in the ear caused by pressure changes |
Blepharoptosis ; ptosis | The drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis |
Cataract (CAT) | The loss of transparency of the lens of the eye |
Chalazion | A nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid caused by obstruction of a sebaceous gland |
Cochlear Implant | An electronic device that bypasses the damages portions of the ear an directly stimulated the auditory nerve |
Conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually caused by an infection or allergy |
Dacryoadenitis | An inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection |
Decibel (dB) | Commonly used as the measurement of the loudness of sound |
Diplopia | The perception of two images of a single object; double vision |
Ectropion | The eversion of the edge of an eyelid |
Emmetropia | The normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina |
Entropion | The inversion of the edge of an eyelid |
Esotropia | Abnormal condition of the eye in which one or both eyes deviates, or turns, inward |
Eustachian Tube (ET) | Narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and throat |
Eustachitis | Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and throat |
Exotropia | Strabismus (abnormal alignment) characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other |
Fluorescein Angiography (FA, FAG) | A radiographic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium |
Glaucoma (G, glc) | A group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers |
Hemianopia | Blindness in one half of the visual field |
Hertz (Hz) | A measure of sound frequency that determines how high or low a pitch is |
Hordeolum | A pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting form an infection in a sebaceous gland |
Hyperopia | A vision defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina; farsightedness |
Infectious Myringitis | A contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum |
Intraocular Lens (IOL) | A surgically implanted replacement for a natural lone that has been removed |
Iridectomy | The surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris |
Iritis | Inflammation of the urea primarily affecting structures in the front of the eye |
Keratitis | Inflammation of the cornea |
Labyrinthectomy | The surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth |
Labyrinthitis | Inflammation of the labyrinth that can result in vertigo and deafness |
Laser Trabeculoplasty | Treatment of open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly |
Macular Degeneration (MD) | A gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loose of central vision |
Mastoidectomy | The surgical removal of mastoid cells |
Miotic Drugs | Medication that constricts the pupil |
Mydriasis | The dilation of the pupil |
Mydriatic Drugs | Medication placed into the eyes to produce temporary paralysis forcing the pupils to remain wide open even in the presence of bright light |
Myopia | A defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina; nearsightedness |
Myringotomy | A small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or liquid, or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes |
Nyctalopia | A condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficultly seeing at night |
Nystagmus | An involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball |
Ophthalmologist | A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes |
Ophthalmoscopy | The visual examination of the fundus of the eye with an ophthalmoscopy |
Optometrist | A physician who provides eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed |
Otitis Media (OM) | Inflammation of the middle ear |
Otomycosis | A fungal infection of the external auditory canal |
Otopyorrhea | The flow of pus from the ear |
Otorrhea | Any discharge from the ear |
Otosclerosis | Ankylosing of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss |
Otoscopy | The visual examination of the external ear canal and tympanic membrane |
Papilledema | Swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk |
Periorbital Edema | Swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes; pertaining to swelling around the eyeball |
Photophobia | Excessive sensitivity to light |
Presbycusis | A gradual sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as the body ages |
Presbyopia | Condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging; vision condition of the eye that occurs with aging |
Radial Keratotomy (RK) | A surgical procedure to treat nearsightedness |
Retinal Detachment (RD) | The separation of all of the light sensitive retina from the choroid |
Retinopexy | Treatment to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment |
Scleritis | Inflammation of the sclera of the eye |
Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Hearing loss that develops when the auditory nerve or had cells int the inner ear are damaged |
Serous Otitis Media (SOM) | A fluid buildup in the middle ear without symptoms of an infection |
Slit-lamp (slit lamp) Examination (SLE) | A diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye including the cornea, iris, and lens |
Stapedectomy | The surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a prosthetic device the conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear |
Strabismus | A disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus together |
Tarsorrhaphy | The partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids |
Tinnitus | A condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears |
Tonometry | The measurement of intraocular pressure |
Tympanic Membrane (TM) | Located between the outer and middle ear |
Tympanometry | The use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear |
Tympanostomy Tubes (TT) | Tiny ventilating tubes places through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluid and to relieve pressure that can build up after childhood ear infection |
Vertigo | A sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, often combine with nausea and vomiting |
Visual Acuity (VA) | The ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance |
Visual Field (VF) | A diagnostic test to determine losses in peripheral vision |
Vitrectomy | The removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution |
Xerophthalmia | Drying of eye surfaces, including the conjuctiva |