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EGSCbiologyQuiz3cont
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When a cell uses fatty acid for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to | glycerol and fatty acids |
| If you consume 1 gram of fat, glucose, sucrose, protein, and starch, which will yield the most ATP? | fat |
| True or false: Food provides the raw materials for biosynthetic pathways that can produce sugar by a process that is the exact opposite of glycolysis. | False |
| Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide? | wheat |
| The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called | photosynthesis |
| The glycolytic pathway will ____ after a large meal and ____during a long period of exercise. | slow down...speed up |
| The summary equation for photosynthesis is | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight-> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
| True or False: Burning wood contributes more to acid rain than burning fossil fuels. | False |
| What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and the food for the biosphere? | producers |
| Photoautotrophs produce | organic molecules from inorganic molecules |
| An example of a photoautotroph is | cyanobacteria in freshwater and marine ecosystems |
| What is likely the origin of chloroplasts? | photosynthetic prokaryotes that lived inside eukaryotic cells |
| In most green plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the | mesophyll |
| _____ cells in leaves are specialized for photosynthesis. | Mesophyll |
| CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via | stomata |
| In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called the | stroma |
| Chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs arranged in stacks called | grana |
| Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell? | thylakoid membranes |
| The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from | water |
| A redox reaction involves the transfer of | an electron |
| True or False: In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to form sugar, while in respiration, sugar is oxidized to form carbon dioxide. | True |
| What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis? | light |
| True or False: ATP is not produced during photosynthesis, but only during respiration. | False |
| The light reactions occur in the ___ while the Calvin cycle occurs in the ___. | thylakoid membranes....stroma |
| What is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis? | ATP, NADPH, O2 |
| Which of the following is part of the light reaction? carbon fixation, reduction of carbon, addition of electrons and protons to carbon, regeneration of NADP+, formation of waste products in the form of O2 | formation of waste products in the form of O2 |
| What is formed during the Calvin cycle? | glucose, ADP, NADP+ |
| When does carbon fixation occur? | When carbon and oxygen from CO2 are incorporated into an organic molecule |
| Sunlight is a type of ____ energy. | electromagnetic |
| The full range of electromagnetic energy is called the _____ spectrum. | electromagnetic |
| Why are most plants green? | Chlorophyll a reflects green light. |
| Which color contributes the least energy to photosynthesis? | green |
| Which color of wavelengths of light would you expect to be reflected or transmitted by chlorophyll a? | green |
| Cholorophyll b and carotenoids pass | absorbed energy to chlorophyll a |
| Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of oxygen radicals with | carotenoids |
| A packet of light energy is called a | photon |
| True or False: The release of energy by the excited electron can be as heat, light, or fluorescence. | True |
| Which photosynthetic pigments can be found at the photosystem reaction center? | chlorophyll a |
| A normal process of photosynthesis that could not occur if all reaction centers were inactivated by a toxin is | the donation of excited electrons by chlorophyll a to a primary electron acceptor |
| How do the reaction centers of photosystem I and II differ? | Each preferentially absorbs slightly different wavelengths of light |
| Clusters of light gathering pigments in a photosystem pass | energy to the reaction center |
| In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like | an antenna |
| The energy that excites P680 and P700 is supplied by | photons |
| The electron transport chains of the light reactions shuttle | electrons along in a series of redox reactions |
| The electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II are replaced by electrons from | H2O |
| Photosystem II passes | electrons to photosystem I |
| Photophosphorylation differs from oxidative phosphoylation in that | the final electron acceptor is NADP+ and not oxygen |
| In photophosphorylation, energy from electron flow is used to transport ___ from the ___ to the thylakoid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of _____. | H+...stroma...H+ |
| A concentration gradient is a form of | potential energy |
| The chloroplast ATP synthase transports | H+ ions from the stroma to the thylakoid space |
| In photosynthesis, the chemiosmotic production of ATP is analogous | to the production of ATP in mitochondria |
| Mitochondria transfer ___ energy from ___ to ATP; chloroplasts transform ___ energy into the chemical energy of ATP | chemical...food...light |
| Photosynthetic organisms derive their carbon from | carbon dioxide |
| ATP and NADPH are | products of the Calvin cycle |
| To produce one glucose, the Calvin cycle needs to be run through ___ times. | 6 |
| The Calvin cycle constructs ____, an energy-rich molecule that a plant cell can then use to make a glucose or other organic molecules. | G3P |
| The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is | photosynthesis |
| Plants use sugars as | a fuel for cellular respiration and a starting material for making other organic molecules |
| Plant cells | have mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| The addtion of oxygen to RuBP by rubisco to form a two-carbon product that is then broken down by the cell to carbon dioxide and water defines | photorespiration |
| Photorespiration is | an evolutionary relic from when atmospheric O2 levels were low and did not interfere with rubisco |
| What is the main adaptive advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the C3 strategy? | They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry condition. |
| The greenhouse effect is | reduced by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere |
| True or False: The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels. | True |
| It has been argued that cutting old-growth forests and replacing them with plantations of young trees would help to alleviate the threat of global greenhouse warming. What important fact does this argument ignore? | Most of the biomass of the cut trees would be added to the atmosphere as CO2 within a few years |
| Ozone | protects Earth from UV radiation |
| What has been a major source of ozone destruction over the past 50 years? | chlorofluorocarbons |
| Which molecule stores the most potential energy in its chemical bonds? | Glucose |
| The kind of energy that is stored by an object or molecule as a result of its location or structure is | potential |
| Molecules spreading out to form a solution in dynamic equilibrium is an example of | diffusion, the 2nd law of thermodynamics, a system gaining entropy, a system gaining in disorder |
| Endergonic reactions | absorb energy (including heat) from the environment |
| ATP contains | 3 phosphates that strongly repel each other. |
| Which step in cellular respiration requires oxygen? | oxidative phosphorylation |
| Energy for life ultimately comes from the | sun |
| For the average adult, maintenance (such as heart dumping, breathing, maintaining body temp, food digestion) require approx __ calories per day. | 2200 |
| Energy is contained in ____ bound up in covalent bonds in organic compounds. | electrons |
| The enzyme ____ and its cofactor NAD separate electrons from hydrogen atoms | dehydrogenase |
| In cellular respiration, what product of glycolysis enters the mitochondrion? | pyruvate |
| In which location is the energy in electrons used to make most of the ATP? | electron transport chain |
| What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? | It accepts electrons from the electron transport chain |
| In an experiment, a mouse breathed radioactively labeled oxygen. Which molecule would the labeled oxygen first show up in? | H2O |
| In glycolysis, ___is oxidized, and ___ is released. | Glucose...NAD+ |
| The 3 steps of cellular respiration, in order of glucose breakdown, are | glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation |
Created by:
Kpeters2