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Meiosis

TermDefinition
Interphase The phase in the life cycle of a cell wherein the cell is not undergoing cell division (as compared to mitosis and meiosis)
Prophase 1 The first stage in the first meiotic division of meiosis It highlights the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes via a process called homologous recombination and the cross-over at chiasma(ta) between non-sister chromatids.
Metaphase 1 Homologous chromosomes pair with each other to form tetrads of four chromatids and they align themselves along a single plane in the centre of the cell. This stage ends as soon as the homologous chromosomes start being pulled away from each other.
Anaphase 1 The pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated from each other and moved to opposite ends of the cell. This stage begins as soon as homologous chromosomes begin separating and ends when the chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase 1 The stage in the first meiotic division of meiosis that follows anaphase I. The two sets of chromosomes have finished moving to opposite ends of the cell. Cytokinesis occurs, forming two daughter cells.
Prophase 2 In each of the two cells which were produced by the first meiotic division, the chromosomes migrate towards the cells centre. The stage ends when the chromosomes are aligned along a single plane in the centre of each cell.
Metaphase 2 during which the chromosomes are aligned along a single plane in the centre of each cell produced during the first meiotic division (two total cells). Each chromosome can clearly be observed as a pair of joined, identical chromatids.
Anaphase 2 in each cell produced during the first meiotic division, the paired chromatids are separated from each other and moved to opposite ends of the cell. The stage begins as soon as the centromeres connecting each chromatid to its pair break and ends.
Telophase 2 The two sets of chromosomes have finished moving to opposite ends of each of the two cells produced during the first meiotic division. Cytokinesis occurs, resulting in four haploid cells.
Chiasmata ChiasmaThe point of contact between paired chromatids during meiosis, resulting in a cross-shaped configuration and representing the cytological manifestation of crossing over like the letter X.
Crossing Over A process occurring during meiosis wherein two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material.
Chromatid The two strands joined together by a single centromere, formed from the duplication of the chromosome during the early stages of cell division and then separate to become individual chromosomes during the late stages of cell division.
Bivalents A pair of homologous chromosomes in synapsis during meiosis.
Synapsis The pairing of homologous chromosomes during the meiotic phase of cell division The act of lining up side by side by homologous chromosomes during the meiotic phase of cell division
Random Orientation The random lining up or chromosomes during meiosis.
Gametes A reproductive cell or sex cell that contains the haploid set of chromosomes, e.g. spermatozoon or sperm cell (male reproductive cell) and egg cell or ovum (female reproductive cell).
chromosomes A chromosome is a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information (DNA) and is formed from condensed chromatin.
Created by: collindaily
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