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Phys Spring 4 Lec 3

Posterior Pituitary, Part II

QuestionAnswer
What are the (2) hormones of the posterior pituitary? ADH, oxytocin
Describe the hormones of the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis Peptides w/9 AAs; produced in large cell-bodied neurons; paraventricular & supraoptic nuclei; released from axon terminals into systemic veins in the posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
What is another name for the posterior pituitary? Neurohypophysis
Where are the posterior pituitary hormones synthesized? 1. Supraoptic nucleus, 2. Paraventricular nucleus
Where is the supraoptic nucleus located? Dorsal to the optic nerve & posterior to the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Where is the paraventricular nucleus located? In the dorsal hypothalamus
What stimulates ADH release? 1. Osmoreceptors that detect high osmolarity plasma (as in dehydration) inc firing rate; 2. greatly dec stretch of atrial & other baroreceptors (significant blood vol loss (15-20%) stimulates 50-100x ADH release)
What inhibits ADH release? Osmoreceptors that detect low osmolarity plasma dec ADH release, resulting in diuresis
What are the (3) fxns of ADH? 1. Open pores for water retention in kidney collecting ducts, 2. contracts glomerular cells, reducing filtration, 3. Constricts arteries and arterioles (hence name vasopressin)
What (2) things contribute to maintaining blood pressure with dec blood vol? Water retention and vasoconstriction
Describe the effects of ADH in the CNS 1. Correlation of specific alleles of ADH receptor w/reported inc strength of marital bond; 2. gender-dependent analgesic effect; 3. ADH receptors in hypothalamic nuclei involved in aggression & BP regulation
Where in the CNS are oxytocin receptors abundant? The amygdala
Describe the effects of using intranasal oxytocin shows inc trust, empathy, and eye contact time; dec in social distance
What are the (2) major effects of oxytocin? 1. Inc contraction strength of uterus; 2. Milk ejection
Describe oxytocin's effects during pregnancy high estrogen levels of pregnancy greatly inc # of oxytocin receptors
Discuss uses of oxytocin 1. Pitosin is used for induction & support of uterine contractions @ birth; 2. antagonists of oxytocin are used to dec uterine contractions & delay delivery
What stimulates oxytocin in milk release? Infant sucking induces oxytocin secretion and milk release
What is the MOA of milk letdown? Contracts cells around the alveoli of the mammary gland
Created by: hclark86
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