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gastro
chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The gastrointestinal system is also known as what? | gastrointestinal tract, digestive system or digestive tract, and the alimentary canal. |
| Alimentary refers to what? | Food and nourishment |
| aliment/o | food and nourishment |
| or/o | mouth |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| receptors on the tongue perceive taste and send this sensory information to the | gustatory cortex in the brain |
| gustat/o | sense of taste |
| saliv/o | saliva |
| Name the 3 pairs of salivary glands | parotid glands, sublingual glands, and submandibular glands |
| Teeth tear, chew and grind food during the process of | mastication |
| another term for swallowing | deglutition |
| pharynx (throat) is a passageway for food as well as for | inhaled and exhaled air |
| if the larynx is not closed, food in the back of the pharynx pressing on the uvula causes what? | gag reflex |
| what is babies first food from mothers breast? | Colostrum which contains maternal antibodies |
| the esophagus is a flexible muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the | stomach |
| The esophagus moves food down with contractions of its wall. What is this process known as? | Peristalsis |
| stal/o | contraction ie peristalsis peri - means around |
| What 4 regions is the stomach divided into? | cardia, fundus, body, pylorus |
| Gastric mucosa is arranged in thick deep folds or | RUGAE. These expand as the stomach fills with food. |
| What does the stomach produce? | hydrochloric acid, pesinogen, and gastrin |
| The mucosa produces what? | mucus. This mucus protects the lining of the stomach from the hydrochloric acid |
| What are the 2 sphincters that keep food in the stomach? | esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter |
| What is chyme? Pronounced KIME | Chyme is semisolid mixture of partially digested food, saliva, digestive enzymes,and fluids in the stomach. |
| The pylorus is the narrowed ____ at the end of the stomach | canal |
| aperistalsis (ay-pe-ri-stal-sis) n. | the absence of peristaltic movement in the intestines. |
| peri-. | peri-. Type: Term. Definitions: 1. Around, about, near. |
| What 4 regions is the stomach divided into? | cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus |
| gastric mucosa that is arranged in thick deep folds called what? | rugae |
| The small intestine consists of what 3 parts? | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| What 3 enzymes does the stomach produce?` | lactase, maltase,and sucrase |
| The duodenum is a _____ shaped segment | C |
| The duodenum is how many inches long? | 10 inches |
| What is the second part of the small intestine? | Jejunum |
| How long is the jejunum? | 8 feet |
| Does digestion continue in the jejunum? | Yes |
| how long is the ileum? | 12 feet |
| what does the ileum contain? HINT: thousands of small thin structures | villi |
| What does the large intestine consist of? | cecum, colon, rectum, anus |
| The bend near the liver is the ______ | hepatic flexure |
| The bend near the spleen is the _____ | splenic flexure |
| The cecum is a short ____ | sac |
| What hangs from the external wall of the cecum? | The appendix |
| What do the walls of the large intestine contain? HINT:Puckered pouches | Haustra |
| What is the largest part of the large intestine? | colon |
| The colon travels through all four ____ of the abdomen | quadrants |
| Name the 4 parts of the colon | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon,and sigmoid colon |
| vermiform appendix. Vermiform is a latin word meaning: | worm like |
| Does the appendix play a role in digestion? | no |
| what is the peritoneum? | a double layer serous membrane. One layer lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity, and the other layer surrounds each of the organs. |
| The peritoneum secretes what kind of fluid? | peritoneal fluid. This is a watery fluid that fills the spaces between the organs and allows them to slide past each other during movements of digestion |
| Omentum | The omentum supports the stomach and hangs down as a fatty apron to cover and protect the small intestine. |
| mesentery | a thick fan-shaped sheet that supports the jejunum and ileum. |
| Where does the blood supply to the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas come from? | The celiac trunk. The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta, the largest artery in the body. |
| Name the accessory organs of digestion. | liver, gallbladder, pancreas -- they contribute to digestion but are not physically involved in the process of digestion. |
| meso- | middle meso enteric mesenteric middle intestine |
| celi/o | abdomen |
| Liver cells (hepatocytes) continuously produces | bile |
| Bile is a combination of what? | bile acids, mucus, fluid and 2 pigments. The yellow pigment is bilirubin and the green pigment is biliverdin |
| verd/o | green (biliverdin) |
| Bile produced from the liver flows through the common hepatic duct and into the common ____ duct | bile duct. |
| All of the bile ducts collectively are known as what? | biliary tree |
| Food in the duodenum causes the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes through the pancreatic duct. Name a few of these enzymes | amylase,lipase, and others |
| fatty chyme stimulates the duodenum to secrete what hormone? | cholecysokinin. This stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile. Bile breaks apart large globules of fat during the process of EMULSIFICATION |
| Bile breaks apart large globules of fat during what process? | EMULSIFICATION |
| An inactive substance converted by hydrochloric acid to pepsin, a digestive enzyme that breaks down protein foods | Pepsinogen |
| What is gastrin? | this hormone stimulates the release of more hydrochloric acid and pesinogen |
| What does the gallbladder store? | Bile |
| What causes the gallbladder to contract and send bile from the common bile duct into the duodenum to digest fats? | The presence of fatty chyme |
| Name 2 parts of digestion | Mechanical (mastication, deglutition, peristalsis) Chemical uses enzymes and acid to break down foods , ie amylase in saliva |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| emulsific/o | particles suspended in a liquid (ation) is a process |
| amylase breaks down carbs and starches into | sugars |
| lipase breaks down small flat globules into | fatty acids |
| what digestive enzyme do the villi in the small intestine produce? | lactase. Lactase breaks down sugar in milk. The sugars in carbs, starches, and mild are broken down to the simple sugar glucose which is the only source of energy the body cells can use. |
| what hormone does the duodenum secrete? | cholecystokinin |
| Ilieum is the ______ part of the small intestine | third |
| amylase is a digestive enzyme that begins in saliva. It is also secreted by what organ? | pancreas |
| What stimulates the gallbladder to release bile? | cholecystokinin |
| Gastrin is a hormone produced by the _____ | stomach |
| What stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes? | cholecystokinin |
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