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Units 12-15
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Role of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages | unity, stability |
Feudalism in Europe | decentralized system (no strong central gov't), developed after fall of Rome, land exchanged for services, no social mobility/rigid class structure |
knights and chivalry | knights - warriors of feudal Europe chivalry - code of honor for knights |
manorialism | manor=self-sufficient |
Magna Carta | limits power of monarch |
motives for the Crusades | regain control of Holy Land (Jerusalem) |
effects of the Crusades | decrease power of church, increased power of kings, increased trade between Europe and Middle East, cultural diffusion |
causes of the Black Death | increase trade |
effects of Black Death | decline of feudalism |
Key achievements of the Maya, Inca, Aztec | adapt to environment with creative farming (terraces, chinampas), Roads in Andes (Inca) |
Chinampas | floating gardens of Aztec - adapting to their environment |
terrace farming | carving "steps" into mountains for farming |
Road system of the Inca | infrastructure, trade, adapting to environments |
conquistadors | Cortez=Aztec, Pizarro=Inca, Why? Disease and advanced technology |
Renaissance | rebirth of Greek and Roman culture (Golden Age), humanism, secular (worldly) ideas |
Why does it begin in Italy? | strategic location for trade |
humanism | each person/individual has dignity and worth and should excel at many things |
Venice | trade |
Key people of the Renaissance | Michelangelo, Machiavelli, Gutenberg, Leonardo da Vinci |
Machiavelli | "ends justify the means", absolute rulers should do whatever is needed to keep power |
Leonardo da Vinci (Renaissance Man) | sculptor, painter, inventor, etc. "Renaissance Man" |
Gutenberg and the printing press | Result: increase literacy rates, spread of ideas, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Age of Exploration, Age of Enlightenment |
Effects of the Renaissance | Decrease in power of Catholic Church, Age of Exploration, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Age of Enlightenment |
Causes of the Protestant Reformation | indulgences, Martin Luther, 95 theses, abuses of the Catholic Church |
Effects of the Protestant Reformation | End of religious unity, decrease power of Catholic Church, Henry VIII, John Calvin, Counter Reformation, increase power of kings |