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pharm exam 1
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Question | Answer |
---|---|
Teratogenic | -causing developmental defects A-NO RISK B-NO RISK IN ANIMAL STUDY C- LITTLE RISK D- RISK BUT CAN BE USED IN LIFE/DEATH X- RISK OUTWEIGHS BENEFITS |
SLUDGE | PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM S-SALIVATION L-LACRIMATION D-DEFECATION G-GI UPSET E-EMESIS |
OTOTOXICITY | DAMAGE TO EARS |
ONSET, PEAK AND DURATION OF INSULIN | ONSET- MINUMUM EFFECTS 5-15 MIN. TAKEN WITH FOOD PEAK- HIGHEST LEVEL 30-90 MIN. ASSESS AFTER AN HOUR FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA DURATION- THE LENGTH OF TIME 3HRS |
HALF-LIFE | THE TIME IT TAKES FOR 1/2 OF THE ORIGINAL AMOUNT OF THE DRUG TO BE REMOVED FROM THE BODY |
NEUROTOXICITY | DAMAGE TO THE NERVES |
NEPHROTOXICITY | RENAL TOXICITY- DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS TEST- BUM AND CREATININE |
HEPATOXICITY | LIVER DAMAGE |
PEAK AND TROUGH | PEAK- THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION ON A DRUGS ABSORPTION BLOOD SAMPLE TO DETERMINE TROUGH- LOWEST CONCENTRATION OF A DRUG WHATS BEEN ELIMINATED. TAKEN RIGHT BEFORE NEXT DOSE. |
AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS | NEOMYCIN AND PAPRAMYCIN TAKEN ORALLY TO LOWER BACTERIA IN THE BOWELS. SIDE EFFECTS- BALANCE, URINARY OUTPUT. TINNITUS, PHOTOSENSITIVE, HEARING |
PHARMACOKINETIC 4 PHASES | ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, EXCRETION |
PHARMACOKINETIC | PROCESS OF DRUG MOVEMENT TO ACHIEVE DRUG ACTION |
NARCS/OPIODS | EX. MORPHINE, DEMEROL, OXY, CODEINE, HYDROCODONE TO REVERSE- NARCAN |
PENTOTHAL | SHORT DURATION, USED FOR RAPID INDUCTION (SURGERY) - KEEP CLIENT WARM -CAN DEPRESS RESPIRATORY |
PEDIATRIC PATIENT'S DOSING OF PRINCIPLES | -MEDS ARE BASED ON WEIGHT IN KG -THINNER, MORE POROUS SKIN, FASTER TOPICAL ABSORPTION -IM ABSORPTION FASTER& IRREGULAR - 2 YRS HAVE SLOWER METABOLISM -LOWER ENZYME IN LIVER |
MEDS FOR MYASTHENIA GRAVES | TENSILON- IS USED TO DIAGNOSIS & TREAT MESTINON- TREATS MUST BE TAKEN BEFORE MEALS |
ALZHEIMER'S DRUGS | ARICEPT, EXELON, COGNEX, RAZADAYNE |
POLYPHARMACY | MANY DRUGS BY DIFFERENT DOCTORS. INTERVENTION- SUGGEST TO THE PATIENT THAT THEY SHOULD USE THE SAME PHARMACY FOR ALL MEDS. |
ELDERLY PHARMACOKINETICS | ABSORPTION- LOWER IN GASTRIC ACIDITY (HIGHER pH) ALTERS ABSORPTION OF WEAK ACIDIC DRUGS DISTRIBUTION- LOWER PROTEIN BINDING SITES INCREASE CIRCULATION OD FREE DRUGS METABOLISM- LOWER ENZYME FUNCTION, LOWER DETOXIFYING DRUGS. HIGHER RISK OF TOXICITY. EX |
TEST FOR RENAL FUNCTION | CREATININE CLEARANCE |
BENZODIAZEPINES | XANAX, RESTORIL, ATIVAN REVERSAL-ROMAZICON |
FLAGYL | -AVOID ALCOHOL -TAKE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH |
MOTRIN | -REDUSES INFLAMMATION -RELIEVES PAIN -FEVER REDUCER ADVERSE: GI BLEEDING |
MACRODANTIN | TREATS ACUTE/CHRONIC \UTI ADVERSE: SUPERINFECTION, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY,HEMOLYTIC ANEMA |
AMPHOTERICIN B | ANTIFUNGAL- TREATS SYSTEMATIC SUPER INFECTIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS: HYPOTENSION, PARASYTHESIS, THROMBOPHLEBITIS ( INFLAMMATION IN VESSEL WALLS) HIGHLY TOXIC & CAUSE NEPHROTOXCITY & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE |
OVERDOSE OF URECHOLINE | ATROPINE SULFATE |
SYNERGISTIC DRUG | TWO OR MORE DRUGS GIVEN TOGETHER & COMBINED GIVE A BETTER CLINICAL EFFECT EX)DEMEROL & PHENERGAN- BOTH CAUSE DROWSINESS EX) ALCOHOL & VALIUM- TOGTHER RAISE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSION |
SPINAL ANESTESIA CARE | NURSING PROCESS -REMAIN FLAT -INCREASE FLUIDS TO LOWER CHANCES OF SPINAL FLUID LEAKAGE/ COULD CAUSE HEADACHES -MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR HYPERTENSION POST SURGERY |
SECONAL | A BARBITUATE |
TETRACYCLINE | -MAY DISCOLOR TEETH -TAKE ON A EMPTY STOMACH -PHOTOSENSITIVE |
PENICILLIN | -OBTAIN CULTURE BEFORE FIRST DOSE - TAKE 1 HR BEFORE OR 2 HRS AFTER EATING -INTERFERS WITH CONTRACEPTIVES -MAY CAUSE YEAST INFECTIONS |
PARKINSONISM | MEDS TO BE TAKEN BENZTROPINE (COGENTIN) |
ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST (BLOCKER) | DECREASES SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (LOL) BLOCKS BETA EX)ATENOLOL- TREATS HYPERTENSION ALWAYS CHECK BP & HR |
AGONIST ADRENERGIC | SYMPATHETIC (INCREASES) EX)EPINEPHRINE- TREATS- HYPERTENSION, ASTHMA, ALLERGIES SIDE EFFECTS- TREMORS, N/V, DIZZINESS ADVERSE: PALPATATIONS, TACHYCARDIA, DYSPEA |
CHOLINGERICS AGONIST | PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM ( INCREASES) EX) URECHOLINE- TRAETS URINARY RETENTION: INCREASES URINE OUTPUT EX) METOCLOPRAMIDE (REGLAN) RAISES GAS EMPTYING EX) PILOCARPINE (PILOCAR) CONSTRICTS PUPILS |
ANTICHOLINGERICS | PARASYMPATHETIC (DRECREASES) CHOLINGERIC BLOCKER EX) ATROPINE- USED PEROPERATIVELY TO REDUCE SALIVATION, RAISE HR, DILATE PUPULS SIDE: DRY MOUTH, BLURRED VISION, URINARY RETENTION WARNING:DNU ON PATIENT WITH GLAUCOMA |
ANTICHOLINGERICS PRECAUTIONS | BEWARE OF POSSIBLE OVERDOSE SYMPTOM, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, LOWER MUSCLE RIDGITY, SALIVATION, HIGHER HR, RELAXED BLADDER CONSTRICTION OF PUPILS, INCREASE BRONICHIAL SECRETION, DECREASE BP |
MACRODANTIN & PYRIDIUM | WORK TOGETHER ON SOMEONE WHO HAS A UTI. MACRODANTIN0- ANTIBIOTIC MAY TURN URINE BROWNISH RED PYRIDIUM- RELIEF OF PAIN TURNS URINE ORANGE |
NURSING IMPLICATIONS- RECIEVING OPIOD ANAGESIA | -MONITOR VS FREQUENTLY -RECORD URINARY OUTPUT -CHECK BOWEL SOUNDS FOR LOWER PERISTALSIS -HAVE NARCAN AVAILABLE |