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PSCI 140 Final
Introduction to Comparative Politics, Final
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Electoral Authoritarian Regime | Holds regularly scheduled elections and allows multiple political parties to participate in them but the elections are not free and fair, and the election rules are tilted strongly in favor of the ruling political party. |
Parliamentarianism | The system of government in which sovereignty resides in the legislature which selects the executive. The executive is responsible to the legislature which, in turn, is responsible to the voters. |
Proportional Representation | Seats in the legislature are awarded to parties based upon the percentage of votes they receive. |
Multi-Member Districts | A district from which more than one representative is elected. |
Class Identification | A subjective judgment people make as to which class they belong to. |
Christian Democracy | Christian democracy is a political ideology which emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching. It is bicameral, capitalist, and corporatist: some consider a paradigm. |
Transfer Payments | When the government distributes money to individuals as specified by law, such as issuing checks to those who qualify for unemployment insurance. |
"Big Men" | Politically powerful men in Nigeria who control almost every aspect of the country: |
Totalitarianism | An extreme form of authoritarianism that seeks total control of citizens' behavior and thoughts and tries to transform society in accord with ideological goals. |
Electoral System | Describes the system by which votes are counted to yield a winner, such as majority, or plurality rule. The rules by which winners in elections are chosen. |
Party Discipline | When legislators from the same party display unity and vote together as a bloc in response to government proposals. |
Postindustrial Society | A society in which more than 50% of the labor force is engaged in service occupations, as opposed to industry and agriculture. |
Social Democracy | Social democracy is a political ideology that is distinctive in its high level of state and government spending, and is a regime involving universal welfare state and collective bargaining schemes within the framework of a capitalist economy. |
Weak Democracy | A society that is democratic, allowing elections in which political offices are won with votes of the citizens, however, it it weakly institutionalized. There is much corruption where votes are bought and minorities' rights and liberties are violated. |
Corporatism | Corporatism is when a few interest groups are include a large proportion of potential members and are given official recognition by the state and included in the policy-making process. |
Republican Theocracy | A regime in which religious leaders rule. |
Presidentialism | Systems of governments in which both the legislature and the president share power and are elected independently by the people. |
Democratic Consolidation | Democratic consolidation is the process by which a new democracy matures, in a way that means it is unlikely to revert to authoritarianism without an external shock. |
Single-Member Districts | A district from which only only representative is elected. |
Colonialism | The establishment of formal political control by one country over another. |
Market Democracy | Political model characterized by similar politics, institutions, and policies. They are right-wing dominated; low count for socialist parties because there is a low class identification in these states. |
Rent Seeking | Companies seeking profits by lobbying government officials for protection from competitors instead of making better products for customers and improving productivity. |
Electoral Democracy | A democracy where elections occur, but they are not always free and fair, voter fraud is a problem, political parties tend to be patronage based rather than programmatic, and corruption is significant. |
Guardian Council | The Guardian Council of the Constitution is an appointed and constitutionally-mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran |