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AP Euro Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spain/Portugal 15th | Catholic; Exploration; Dias; de Gama; Treaty of Tordesillas |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Between Spain and Portugal- divided up New World; Spain got better deal |
| France 15th | 100 years war (won) |
| England/GB 15th | 100 years war (lost), Tutor Family (1485) |
| Low Countries 15th | Northern Renaissance |
| HRE/Germany 15th | Gutenberg; Northern Renaissance |
| Italy 15th | Renaissance (1420-1530); da Vinci; Masaccio (painter) |
| C/E Europe 15th | Rise of the Ottoman Empire |
| Spain/Portugal 16th | Spanish Armada; Exploration; Wars of Religion (tried to make Netherlands Catholic); silver/sugar; Magellan (around the world); Philip II (under him Spain had reached height of influence etc.); Hapsburg; Jesuits |
| France 16th | Wars of Religion; Catherine de Medici; Edict of Nantes; Henry IV; Bourbon Family |
| Edict of Nantes | Ended the Wars of Religion, granted rights to Huguenots (Protestants) |
| England/GB 16th | English Reformation; Henry VIII; Act of Supremacy; Elizabeth I (politique); Mary Queen of Scots |
| Low Countries 16th | William of Orange; Duke of Alba |
| Act of Supremacy | puts Henry VIII as head of the Church of England |
| HRE/Germany 16th | Martin Luther (didn't agree with indulgences, sola scriptura, priesthood of all believers); Reformation; Peace of Augsburg; Diet of Worms |
| Peace of Augsburg | allowed for Lutheranism and Catholicism |
| Italy 16th | Reformation; Counter-reformation; Baroque; Machiavelli; Council of Trent |
| C/E Europe 16th | Calvinism; Zwingli; Habsburg (Austria; Copernicus ; Marburg Colloquy |
| Spain/Portugal 17th | 30 years war; starting to slip |
| France 17th | Cardinal Richelieu (rules until Louis 13 old enough); Louis 13; Louis 14 (Versailles etc);mercantilism; Scientific Revolution; Descartes (graph, method of doubt) |
| Mercantilism | only so much wealth, source of wealth- precious metals, more exports than imports, want to acquire colonies |
| England/GB 17th | Petition of Rights; Civil War; Glorious Revolution; Agricultural Revolution; Stuart Family;Locke/Hobbes |
| Petition of Right 1628 | no taxation without the consent of Parliament, no imprisonment without cause, no quartering of soldiers on subjects, and no martial law in peacetime |
| Locke/Hobbs | Hobbes-country should be ruled by dictator because people are bad Locke- natural rights |
| Low Countries 17th | Peace of Westphalia; Dutch Golden Age; Baroque-Rembrant |
| Peace of Westphalia | extend Peace of Augsburg to include Calvinism |
| HRE/Germany 17th | 30 years war; Peace of Westphalia; Rise of Prussia |
| Italy 17th | Scientific Revolution; Galieo, Bacon etc.; Baroque-Bernini, Caravaggio |
| C/E Europe 17th | Gustavous- Swedish leader in 30 years war |
| Spain/Portugal 18th | War of Spanish Succession; Bourbon Family |
| France 18th | THE French Revolution (1789-1799); lose 7 years war; Enlightenment (Voltaire-free of speech/relgion, Russo-social contract, Montesque-seperation of power); Rise of Napoleon; Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen |
| Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen | basic charters of human liberties, inspired French Revolution |
| England/GB 18th | Enlightenment (Smith, Hume); Strengthen Parliament role-PM job; Enclosure Act; 7 years war (win); Late 18th-beginning of IR |
| Low Countries 18th | Power declining; great shipping nations; Spinoza |
| HRE/Germany 18th | War of Austrian Succession; Frederick the Great |
| Italy 18th | Little enlightenment |
| C/E Europe 18th | Pragmatic Sanction- Maria Teresa; Mozart; Poland Partition; Joseph II- religious tolerant |
| Spain/Portugal 19th | lose colonies; Romantic art- Goya; Napoleon invades |
| France 19th | Napoleonic Wars, Paris Commune; lots of revolution; Impressionism/romanticism |
| England/GB 19th | Industrial Revolution; center of culture; socially liberal; Gladstone v Disraeli; Darwin |
| Low Countries 19th | Belgium-independent; Van Gogh |
| HRE/Germany 19th | Bismark (conservative, welfare state); Franco-Prussian War; Germany state- 1871; Romanticism (Beethoven, Brahms, Goethe) |
| Italy 19th | Italian Unification |
| 3 leaders of Italian Unification | Garibaldi (sword)- military leader, united people in South Mazzini (Heart)- romantic republican Cavour (head)- PM of Piedmont, similar mindset to Bismark-all about the $ |
| C/E 19th | Congress of Vienna; Metternich; Growth of Austria/Hungary |
| Congress of Vienna | reorganized Europe after Napoleonic wars |
| Berlin Conference | Divided up Africa, (HRE/Germany didn't participate because of Bismark) |
| Spain/Portugal 20th | Civil War; Franco-until 1975 |
| France 20th | conquered by Germany twice; WWI (allied with Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy); WWII; existentialism; treaty of rome |
| French Republics (3rd-5th) | 3rd- 1870-1940 4th- 1945-1958 5th- 1958-present |
| England/GB 20th | willingly lose empire; welfare state; Churchill; 60s/70s Thatcher- nationalization of industires |
| Low Countries 20th | Taken over in world wars; creators of EU; socially progressive |
| HRE/Germany 20th | blamed for WWI---resentment---WWII; Berlin Wall falls 1989; Best economy in Europe |
| Treaty of Versailles | Germany not allowed to participate in conference, completely blamed for WWI and told to pay for whole war (absurd amount for money) |
| Italy 20th | WWI-free agent; Mussolini;facisim; major political instability; |
| C/E Europe 20th | WWI-destroyed Ottoman Empire; Warsaw Pact (1955); 1956 tried some revolution-squashed by SU; 1968- Prague Spring; 1989 Berlin Wall falls (all peaceful but Romania) |
| 1648 | End of 30 years war--Peace of Augsburg, Netherlands independent |
| 1763 | End of 7 years war--because of violation of P.Sanction, Prussia now power |
| 1789 | Beginning of French Revolution |
| 1815 | End of Napoleonic Wars |
| 1914 | Beginning of WWI |
| 1918 | End of WWI |
| 1945 | End of WWII |
| 1989 | Berlin Wall falls- end of Cold War |
| 1939 | Beginning of WWII |
| Cold War years | 1947-1991 |
| Treaty of Rome | Beginning of EU |
| Maastricht Treaty | officially formed EU |
| 1848 | Revolutions: GB-none Russia- no (too conservative) France Habsburg- serfs abolished Italy- pope renounced support for unification German |
| DBQ requirements | POV-4-5 Analyze-8+ Use all documents |
| When were Russian serfs freed? | 1861 by Alexander II |
Created by:
Claire502
Popular European History sets