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OT Physdis
Vision 1
| Vision | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vision provides | -Info about environment | -Alerts us to danger | -Anticipatory- allows planning (critical for our ability to adapt) | -Adaptation (static vs dynamic environment) | -Fast and reliable | -People let go of vision use what they have (even if nothing left) |
| System- light enters cornea | -goes through lens to hit the retina (visual receptor) | -fovea (in the macula in the retina)has rods and cones for acuity | -goes to the nerve to the chiasm to the tract | -to the lat gen nuc in thalamus via optic radiations | -to primary visual cortext where infor is recognized and shared with occipital | -to pariatal, pretemporal, and frontal area |
| Visual perceptual hierarchy 1 | -adaptation-(highest level) (needs cognition) | Visual cognition( interprets visual info-)(manip. objects in brain to make sense of them) | Visual memory (map s/t in mind youv seen before-categorize,recall, and store info so you can recognize it. ex- know its a pen) | pattern recognition (identify salient (sig) feat so then you see whole ex see the shape of the pen) | Visual scanning- ( scan for detail or scan room for objects (1) automatic-get the whole picture (2) voluntary- specific such as signs ticketbooth) | Visual attention (critical skill - what you attend to depends on visual info you get (1)focal attention-find s1 specific (2)peripheral attention - to get over to the person |
| Visual perceptual hierarchy2- foundation skills- necessary for vision | occulomotor control( control movement of eyesso stable and brain gets info) | visual field (how much you see straight ahead- the whole picture) | visual acuity (how clearly you see)( size/ contrast/ color) | If don't have these skills you won't have an image in CNS= blindness | if there is an impairment in one of these skills your vision will be faulty | |
| Role of the OT | -look at how vision affects occupational performance | -functional significance is that person will interact differently wit the environment--need to find underlying problem | ||||
| Deficits in visual acuity | disruption of focusing of image on retina ( myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataracts-spots) | inability of retina to process image 2 damage((1) age related -macdegen, glaucoma (2) systemic disease- diabetic retinopathy) | inability of optic nerve to transmit(optic atrophy after head injury) | contrast acuity (street curb and gutter-black/black ppl with MS have problems with this) | ||
| Screening for Visual Acuity | Size and Symmetry | Pupil response to light | eye dominance( tube/cross hand small hole) | Acuity/snellen chart and clinical observation | contrast acuity (with water or coffee white mug) | color vision |
| Occulomotor function | need to maintain foviation( putting objects in line of sight)for | Binocular vision/sensory fusion- (each eye sends a message to brain but brain interprets it as one) | complex extensive inegration (int of dif parts of brain and nerves- damage results in occulomotor dysfunction) | |||
| Occulomotor Movement | Saccades- (jump from one object to another)(changes line of sight) | Tracking/Smooth persuit-(focused on one object even when head and body move/ or if object moves)( line of sight stays the same ) | Diplopia-( eyes look in different directionsimages aren't fused)( double vision) | |||
| Functional problems of occulomotor dysfunction | postural motor control will be off | can't identify things quickly | hard to accomodate from far to close vision | fine motor problems/headachs/reading | to reduce person may 1) close an eye 2)adapt a fixed head image | Dysfunction usually seen with TBI |
| Occulomotor dysfunction screening | -Eye alignment (look for light spot in eye- symmetry) | -Binocular eye movement- ( 9 cardinal points) | -Convergence ( bring light close to face) | |||
| Clinical observation of occulomotor dysfunction( trying to decrease dbl vision) | -complain of blurry | -head fixation | -shut eye or tilt head | -squint of blink a lot | -complain of headache or eye fatigue when looking at s/t near by |
Created by:
natkat
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