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2nd Semester Final
2nd Semester Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monsoon | seasonal winds that bring rain in the summer and dry air in the winter |
| Caste System | a strict system of social classes tied to Hinduism |
| Nirvana | enlightenment; everlasting peace in Buddhism |
| Reincarnation | when a soul is reborn into another body after a person dies; part of Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Karma | based upon your actions; influences reincarnation; good deeds build good karma, bad deeds build bad karma |
| Eightfold Path | the way to achieve Nirvana in Buddhism |
| Archipelago | a chain of islands |
| Kami | spirits in Shinto |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; became Buddha |
| Muhammad | founder of Islam |
| Confucius | Chinese philosophy whose teachings became the basis for education and government in China |
| Where does the Indus River flow and what is its source? | The Indus River begins in the Himalaya Mountains and flows through Pakistan. |
| Where is Mount Everest located? | Himalaya Mountains |
| What is the purpose of the 3 Gorges Dam? | To create hydroelectricity for China |
| Where do most Chinese live? | North China Plain and near rivers and coasts |
| What is the Asian Brown Cloud and what problems does it cause? | A brown haze of air pollution over many major cities in Asia; lung disease, alters monsoon patterns, decreases photosynthesis |
| What is causing the pollution in the Ganges River? | Sewage, cremated bodies, dead animals, fertilizers, industrial waste |
| What is India’s main environmental concern? | Overpopulation |
| What are the main beliefs of Islam? | Monotheistic, 5 Pillars of Islam, belief that there is only 1 God (Allah) and Muhammad is His prophet |
| Who began Islam? | Muhammad |
| What is the sacred text of Islam? | Qur’an |
| Where is Islam mainly practiced? | Southwest Asia, Pakistan, Indonesia (worldwide) |
| What are the main beliefs of Hinduism? | Caste system, reincarnation based upon karma, monotheistic (many manifestations: Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma) |
| How did Hinduism begin? | developed over time in India |
| What is the sacred text of Hinduism? | Upanishads and Vedas |
| Where is Hinduism mainly practiced? | Main religion in India, but found worldwide |
| What are the main beliefs of Buddhism? | 4 Noble Truths, human suffering is caused by greed, follow the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana, Buddha is seen as a leader/teacher (not a god), reincarnation |
| How did Buddhism begin? | Siddhartha Gautama |
| What is the sacred text of Buddhism? | Triptika |
| Where is Buddhism mainly practiced? | Asia (but found worldwide) |
| What are the main beliefs of Shinto? | The idea that kami (spirits) are in everything |
| How did Shinto begin? | ancient Japanese religion |
| What is the sacred text of Shinto? | no sacred text |
| Where is Shinto mainly practiced? | Japan |
| What are the main ideas of Confucianism? | Philosophy about government and education, Golden Rule |
| What is the text of Confucianism? | Analects |
| Where is Confucianism mainly followed? | China and Asia |
| Why is Confucianism not considered a religion? | Confucianism are guidelines for government and education, not a system of beliefs |
| What is the climate and geography of Asia like? | Very diverse – mountains, deserts, plains |
| What is China’s main environmental concern? | Air pollution |
| Which river in China is known as “China’s Sorrow” and why? | Huang He because of disastrous flooding |
| Why is air pollution a growing problem in India? | Rapid industrialization and growing population |
| Why is the Yangtze River important to the people of China? | Provides a source of drinking water, irrigation, and transportation |
| Where do most people live in China? | North China Plain and near rivers and coasts |
| How have the Himalayas impacted northern India’s development? | Himalayas protected India from invaders |
| How do the Japanese feed their people with so little good farmland? | Fishing and importing food |
| How has the geography of Asia affected where people live and the way in which they live? | People in Asia tend to live where transportation is easier, like near rivers or oceans. Areas with fertile land, like the North China Plain and Indus River Valley, are heavily populated. People do not live in deserts, like the Gobi, or mountain. |
| Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism. | Hinduism and Buddhism both believe in reincarnation and that eventually the soul will be reunited with a universal spirit. Hinduism does not have a specific founder and the caste system. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama. |
| Nationalism | love for one’s country; often leads to independence movements |
| Colonialism | when one country takes over another country |
| Civil disobedience | a nonviolent way to protest government laws |
| Red Guards | teenaged enforcers of the Cultural Revolution |
| Great Leap Forward | Mao’s attempt to make China more competitive with western industry and agricultural production; massive failure |
| Cultural Revolution | Mao’s attempt to revitalize communism in China by using the Red Guards to eliminate anyone that opposed communism; time of great chaos |
| Domino Theory | the theory that if one country fell to communism, other countries nearby would also fall to communism |
| Communism | government in which the government provides jobs, heath care, and housing; everyone is equal |
| DMZ | the Demilitarized Zone between North and South Korea; along the 38th parallel |
| Mohandas Gandhi | nonviolent leader of Indian Independence movement |
| Ho Chi Minh | leader of Vietnam’s independence movement; leader of communists in Vietnam |
| Douglas MacArthur | US General in charge of rebuilding Japan after WWII |
| Mao Zedong | leader who brought communism to China |
| Which country colonized India? | Great Britain |
| How did Gandhi lead the independence movement in India? Be able to list at least three specific examples of Gandhi’s protests. | Nonviolent protests (civil disobedience); Salt March, boycotts, made own clothing, fasting |
| Why was India partitioned following independence? | Religious conflict between Hindus and Muslims |
| Which country colonized Vietnam? | France |
| Which modern-day countries were part of French Indochina? | Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam |
| On which 2 Japanese cities did the US drop atomic bombs during WWII? | Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
| What were some of the changes that were included in Japan’s new constitution? | Citizens could vote; Japan had to have a small army; Japan could not start another war; emperor lost his power |
| What type of government does Japan have now? | Constitutional monarchy |
| What were students protesting for at Tiananmen Square in 1989? How did the government respond? | Students wanted democracy in China; the government sent soldiers and tanks to arrest/kill the protestors |
| What happened in China after WWII? | Civil War between nationalists and communists (communists won) |
| Why did the Korean War begin? How did it end? | North Korea invaded South Korea; ceasefire ended the fighting, but a treaty was never signed; North and South Korea remain divided |
| Why did the Vietnam War begin? How did it end? | North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam; Vietnam was reunited under communist rule |
| How was the United States involved in rebuilding Japan after WWII? Be able to list at least 4 examples. | Citizens could vote; Japan had to have a small army; Japan could not start another war; emperor lost his power; the Us helped rebuild roads and infrastructure |
| How does the literacy rate impact the economy of a country? | The higher the literacy rate, the more successful the economy |
| Why do countries need an exchange rate? | In order to trade |
| What do the governments of China, India, and Japan all have in common? | 3 branches of government; supreme court; citizens get to vote (for something) |
| Describe China’s government and economy. | Communist controlled by the CCP (oligarchy); HOG is premier; since Mao Zedong’s death, the economy has moved from command towards market (mixed towards market) |
| Describe India’s government and economy. | Federal republic with a parliamentary democracy; prime minister is HOG; mixed market economy |
| Describe Japan’s government and economy. | Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; prime minister is HOG; emperor is HOS; mixed market economy |
| What type of economy does North Korea have? | command |
| What political party controls China? | Chinese Communist Party (CCP) |
| Why is North Korea poorer than most countries even though it has a wealth of natural resources? | North Korea spends most of its money on the military and their technology is out of date |
| What is Japan’s parliament called? | Diet |
| Why do the individual voters have more power in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an oligarchy? | Citizens get to vote for leaders in a democracy |
| Why do most economies operate somewhere between a market economy and a command economy? | Countries have found that they are more successful if there is a combination of private ownership and government control |
| How has Japan made up for its lack of natural resources? | Import raw materials and exports technology |
| Why does economic specialization make trade between countries easier? | Countries are able to produce goods that they can trade for things that they need but do not produce |
| How do factors of growth impact the GDP of a country? | The more a country invests in the factors of growth, the more the GDP will grow |
| What branch of government is responsible for making laws in a parliamentary system of government? | legislative |
| Unitary | the central government has all power |
| Federal | national, regional, and local governments share power |
| Confederation | independent countries agree to work together for a common purpose |
| Autocracy | one person has total control of a country |
| Oligarchy | a small group rules |
| Democracy | citizens get to vote |
| Parliamentary Democracy | democracy in which citizens elect people to parliament and members of parliament choose the prime minister (HOG) |
| Presidential Democracy | democracy in which citizens elect the president (HOG and HOS) |
| Tariff | a tax on imports |
| Embargo | a halt to trade |
| Quota | a limit on imports |
| Trade surplus | when a country exports more than it imports (Japan) |
| Specialization | when a country produces only the goods it can make easily and trade for what they need but do not produce |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product; the total value of all goods and services produced in a year in one country |
| Human Capital | the value of a person’s skills and education |
| Entrepreneur | a person who takes a risk to start a new business |
| Capital Goods | goods used to make other goods |
| Natural Resources | gifts of the earth |
| Market economy | an economy in which supply and demand answer the three basic economic questions |
| Command economy | an economy in which the government determines the answers to the 3 basic economic questions |
| Mixed economy | an economy that has both command and market economy elements |
| What do the governments of India and China have in common? | Citizens 18 and older can vote; the Head of State is a president |
| What do the governments of India and Japan have in common? | Head of government is prime minister; parliamentary democracy; citizens have many freedoms; bicameral parliament |
| What do the governments of China and Japan have in common? | Unitary |
| Who is the HOG in China? | premier |
| Who is the HOG of India? | prime minister |
| Who is the HOG of Japan? | prime minister |
| Who controls the oligarchy in China? | CCP |
| What do parliamentary and presidential democracies have in common? | both democracies so citizens get to vote |
| What differences do parliamentary and presidential democracies have? | In parliamentary, citizens elect members to parliament and the members of parliament elect the prime minister; In presidential, citizens elect the president |
| Place China, North Korea, India, and Japan on the economic continuum. | North Korea, China, India, then Japan |
Created by:
MsBentley
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