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MATCHING
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Mutagen | molecule that enters the nucleus of a cell and indices mutations by reacting chemically with the DNA; may cause a nucleotide substitution or a frame shift mutation) |
| Physical Mutagen | an agent that physically changes the structure of DNA |
| Point Mutation | Mutation involving a single based pair substitution, insertion or deletion |
| Non-sense Mutation | A mutation that shortens a protein by introducing a stop codon. |
| Silent Mutation | a mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
| Substitution Mutation | Might result in a silent mutation if the one substitute does not cause a mutation its then silent (Very Violent) |
| Active Site | globular shape, with pockets or indentations on the surface of an enzyme. this is where the substrate binds and where the chemical reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme takes place |
| Substrate | a reactant that interacts with the enzyme in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. |
| Enzyme-substrate complex | the combined structure of an enzyme with a substrate that is bound to the enzyme's active site. |
| Inhibitor | a molecule that binds to the allosteric or active site of an enzyme and causes a decrease in activity of that enzyme. |
| Allosteric Site | a site on an enzyme that is not the active site, where other molecules can interact with and regulate the activity of the enzyme. |
| Activator | a molecule that binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme and keeps an enzyme active or causes an increase in the activity of that enzyme. |
| Endocytosis | process by which the cell membrane engulfs extra-cellular material to bring in inside the cell. |
| Exocytosis | transport method in which a vacuole fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell |
| Pinocytosis | endocytosis involving liquid products (“Cell-Drinking”) |
| Phagocytosis | endocytosis involving solid products (“Cell-Eating”) |
| Restriction enzymes | an enzyme that restricts the replication of infecting viruses by cleaving (cutting) viral DNA. |
| Restriction Endonuclease | a special type of restriction enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA within the interior of the DNA strands rather than at the end. |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA that has been prepared in the laboratory by combining fragments of DNA from more than one source. Often these different sources are genomes of different species. |
| Phospholipids | Main component of a cell membrane. A lipid composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to two fatty acids and a phosphate group with an R group. |
| Protein Metabolism | Protein metabolism is the chemical process used by the body to break down dietary or endogenous proteins into amino acids |
| Frame Shift Mutagen | Mutation caused by the adition or deletion of a number of nucleotides not divisible by 3, resulting in a change in the reading frame |
| Mis-sense Mutation | Mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein. |
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