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Chapter 11
The Later Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fall of Constantinople | the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which occurred after a siege by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Sultan Mehmed II, against the defending army commanded by Emperor Constantine XI. |
| Ottoman Empire | a former Turkish empire that was founded about 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century. |
| Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy | describes a journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso). |
| Scholasticism, Thomas Aquinas | Became the cornerstone of the late-medieval philosophy which Aquinas attempted to reconcile faith and reason by using logic to support Christian doctrine. |
| Babylonian Captivity | The period from 1309 to 1376 when the popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. The phrase refers to the seventy years when the Hebrews were held captive in Babylon. |
| Great Schism | a period of division in the Roman Catholic Church, 1378-1417, over papal succession, during which there were two, or sometimes three, claimants to the papal office |
| Conciliar Movement | The belief that the authority in the Roman Church should rest in a general council composed of clergy, theologians, and laypeople, rather than in the pope alone. |
| Vernacular | the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region. |
| Byzantine Empire | The Eastern Half of the Roman Empire with its capital at Constantinople. Christian in Religion (Greek Orthodox); Greek in culture; Roman in governmental administration. |
| Black Death | was caused by fleas that carried the bubonic plague that were brought by Asian black rats to Europe in 1347; spread by overcrowding, poor sanitation and malnutrition in cities |
| Hundred Years' War | caused by French king who took land from English control;most of it was fought in France from 1337 to 1453 |
| Joan of Arc | peasant girl from France that lead the French to victory in 1429; claimed she heard saints and convinced the king to let her lead the army; she was captured and burned at stake in 1431 by the English. |
| John Wyclif, Lollards | wrote English translation of the bible and believed church should only go by the scripture ;name of his followers |
| John Hus, Hussites | led nationalists movement in present day Czech Republic ; his followers who had huge rebellions in the 14th century |
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birmingham
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