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Sociology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sociological perspective | understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context |
| society | people who share a culture and a territory |
| social location | the group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society |
| science | the application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge and the knowledge obtained by those methods |
| natural science | the intellectual and academic disciplines designed to explain and predict event in our natural environment |
| social sciences | the intellectual and academic disciplines designed th understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observation |
| generalization | a statement that goes beyond ten individual case and is applied to a broader group or situation |
| patterns | recurring characteristics or events |
| common sense | those things that "everyone knows" are true |
| scientific method | using objective systematic observations to test theories |
| positivism | the application of the scientific approach to the social world |
| sociology | the scientific study of society and human behavior |
| class conflict | Marx's term food the struggle between capitalist and workers |
| bourgeoisie | Marx's term for capitalist , those who one the means of production |
| proletariat | Marx's term of the exploited class the mass of workers who do not own the means of production |
| social integration | the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared valued and other social bonds; also known as social cohesion |
| value free | the view that a sociologist's personal values or biases should not influence social research |
| values | the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly |
| objectivity | total neutrality |
| replication | repeating a study in order to test its findings |
| Verstehen | a german word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as "to have insight into someones situation" |
| subjective meanings | the meaning that people give their own behavior |
| social fact | Durkheim's term for a group's patterns of behavior |
| basic or pure sociology | sociological research whose purpose is to make discoveries about life in human groups, no to make changes in those groups |
| applied sociology | the use of sociology to solve problems from the micro level of family relationship to the macro level of crime and pollution |
| theory | a general statement about how some part of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another |
| symbolic interaction | a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people can use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another |
| functional analysis | a theoretical framework in which society is viewed a composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to society's equilibrium; also known as functionalism and structural functionalism |
| conflict theory | a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources |
| macro-level analysis | an examination of large-scale patterns of society |
| micro-level analysis | an examination of small-scale patterns of society |
| social interaction | what people do when they are in one another's presence |
| nonverbal interaction | communication without words through gestures use of space silence and so on |
| globalization | the growing interconnections among nations due to the expansion of capitalism |
| globalization of capitalism | capitalism(investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe's dominant economic system |
Created by:
katlinrussell