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HESI A2 Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the weakest intermolecular force? | Dispersion Forces |
| The part of chemistry that deals with the quantities and numeric relationships of the participants in a chemical reaction | Stoichiometry |
| For a chemical equation to be balanced, numbers called what are placed in from of the compound? | Coefficients |
| What involves the transfer of electrons from one element to another | Oxidation/Reduction Reactions, called Redox. |
| The loss of electrons is what? | Oxidation |
| The gaining of electrons is what? | Reduction |
| Compounds that are hydrogen or proton donors are known as? | Acids |
| Hydrogen and proton acceptors and generally have a hydroxide (OH) group in the makeup of the molecule are known as? | Bases |
| The PH scale has a range from? | 0-14 |
| Lower PH levels are? | Acids |
| Higher PH levels are? | Bases |
| PH level that has a value of 7 is what? | Neutral |
| What is the emission of particles and/ or energy from an unstable nucleus called? | Radioactivity |
| The particles and/ or energy that are emitted during radioactivity are known as what? | Radiation |
| What are the three types of radiation? | Alpha, Beta, Gamma |
| what is the emission of helium nuclei? | Alpha Radiation |
| What is the product of decomposition of a neutron or proton? | Beta Radiation |
| What is High energy electromagnetic radiation similar to x-rays but more energy? | Gamma Radiation |
| The study of chemical processes in living organisms, deals with the structure and functions of cellular components such as Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids. | Biochemistry |
| What is the most important function of a carbohydrate? | To store and provide energy for the body |
| What is the simplest kind of carbohydrate? give examples. | Monosaccharide: glucose, fructose |
| what are two monosaccharides joined together called? | Disaccharide: sucrose is an example because it is glucose and fructose joined. |
| Glucose is mainly metabolized by a chemial pathway in the body called what? | Glycolysis |
| The liver can make glucose from other non-carbohydrate sources, such as proteins and parts of fats, using a prcess called what? | Gluconeogenesis |
| Proteins are made up of what? | Amino Acids |
| A union of two amino acids using peptide bond is called a what? | dipeptide |
| Groups of less than 30 amino acids are called what? | peptides or polypeptides |
| Fats can encompass a large group of molecules; including oils, fats, and fatty acids are what? | Lipids |
| Natural lipid where the fats have no double bond between carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain are what? | Saturated fats |
| Natural lipid fats that have one or more double bonds between some of the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chains and more desirable in our diet ar what? | Unsaturated Fats |
| The biological brain of life, telling the brain what to do and how to do it, is what? | Nucleic acid |
| A sugar- phosphate-sugar-phosphate chain making two very long structures that twist around each other refered to as a "double helix" is what? | DNA (deoxyribose) |
| What are the DNA bases and which ones bind together? | Adenine, cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine. A bonds with T and G binds with C ALWAYS! |
| For RNA what base is replaced- and replaced with. What does the new base bond with? | Thymine is replaced with Uracil. U binds with A and C binds with G. ALWAYS! |
| The attraction of one dipole of a molecule for the dipole of another molecule is what? | dipole-dipole interaction |
| The attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element is what type of bond? | Hydrogen bond |
| What are weaker forces of attraction between whole molecules called? | intermolecular forces; which are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and dispersion forces |
| in a covalently bonded compound, if electrons in the bond are shared equally the the bond is what? | non-polar |
| what are the three types of matter? | solid, liquid, gas |
| what are the three most common temperature measurements? | farenheit, celcius, kelvin |
| 32* freezing point, 212* boiling point, 98.6* body temperature, what temperature measurement is this? | farenheit |
| 0* freezing point, 100* boiling point, 37* body temperature, what temperature measurement is this? | celcius |
| Temperature measurement only used in the scientific community, 273* difference from celcius... -273* freezing, 373* boiling | kelvin |
| what is the basic building block of a molecule? | Atom |
| The positively charged mass with in an atom, composed of neutrons and protons, and possesing most of the mass but occupying only a small fraction of the volume of an atom | Nucleus |
| The group of electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom; a cloudlike group of electrons | electron cloud |
| Part of the nucleus of an atom that has a positive electric charge. | Protons; P+ |
| Part of the nucleus of an atom that has a neutral charge. | neutrons; N^0 |
| A structure in the atom that is the outermost part of the atom and has a negative charge. | Electrons; E- |
| what is it called when an electron is electrically charged? | Ion, or the atom is in an ionic state |
| A negatively charged Ion? | Anion |
| Positively charged Ion? | Cation |
| what are the columnes of the period table called? | Groups |
| What are the rows of a periodic table called? | Periods |
| What is the atomic number? | The number of protons in the nucleus, and it defines an atom to a particular elemnet |
| What is the atomic mass? | the average mass of each of the elements isotopes |
| Isotopes are what? | Different kinds of the same atom that vary in weight. The number of protons remain the same, while neutrons vary to make different isotopes. |
| What is a compound? | The combination of two or more elements or atoms |
| A state in which reactants are forming products at the same rate that products are forming reactants | Equilibrium |
| How can you increase the reaction rate? | 1.increase surface area 2. increase temperature 3. add a catalyst 4. increase the concentration of reactants |
| What is a mole? | A way to express concentrations of atoms it is 6.02 x 10^23 of particles |
| The breaking of compounds into component parts | decomposition |
| A self sustaining exothermic chemical reaction usually initiated by heat acting on oxygen and fuel compound | combustion |
| Reactions that consist of a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing less active metal to produce a new compound | single replacement |
| A reaction that involves two ionic compounds, the positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of another compound, the result is two new ionic compounds that have "Switched partners" | Double replacement |
| An electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions, or a cation and an anion. Generally found between metal and non-metal | Ionic bond |
| When two atoms chare electrons, generally in pairs, one from each other. | Covelant bond |
| Mixtures of different elements to creat a single matter | Compounds |
| What states that mass cannot be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction | Law of Conservation of Mass |
| a homogenous mixture of two or more substances | Solution |
| What is being disolved in a solution? | Solute |
| What is doing the disolving in a solution? | Solvent |
| Solid solution of metals to make a new one such as bronze, which is copper and tin | Alloy |
| A specific type of alloy in which another metal is dissolved in mercury | Amalgams |
| Mixture of matter that readily seperate such as water and oil | Emulsions |
| What are the five chemical reactions? | 1. Synthesis 2. Decomposition 3. Combustion 4. Single Replacement 5. Double Replacement |
| What is a sythesis reaction? | When two elements combine to form a product. |
| What are the two types of chemical bonds? | Ionic bond, and covelant bond |
| The attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element. | Hydrogen Bond |
| Concerning reaction that take place in the nucleus to obtain stable nuclear configuration. | Nuclear Chemistry |
Created by:
knorris11