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Speech Science
04 Physics of Sound- Complex Tones
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pure tone | A sound that has energy at only one frequency |
| sine wave | wave form produced by a pure tone. |
| sinusoids | Another word for Pure tone |
| complex tone | non-sinusoid tone that has energy at more than one frequency -Makes up the majority of sounds you hear |
| An octave jump | Doubling the frequency 2 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 16 etc... |
| Elasticity will take the object | back to it's normal resting state |
| Inertia will take the object | will go pass it's resting state- stretch |
| Overtones contribute to what quality of a sound? | Fullness |
| Timbre | The quality of a musical note or sound or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as voices or musical instruments. i.e.- You can tell the difference b/w a guitar and bass even if they play the same note. |
| fundamental frequency | -The rate at which a sound wave repeats itself. -Determines the pitch that you hear. |
| Harmonics | whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency |
| Any complex tone can be described as | a combination of many simple periodic waves (i.e. sine waves) or partials, each with its own frequency of vibration, amplitude and phase. |
| Amplitude vs. Harmonics | The higher the harmonic the lower the amplitude (intensity). |
| Name of X or horizontal access | abscissa |
| Name of Y or Vertical axis | ordinate |
| Distance between each harmonic is equal to the | Fundamental frequency |
| Frequency vs. Period | The higher the frequency, the shorter the period. -On wave more waves closer togther -on line graph harmonics are further apart |
| The rate at which the harmonics decline is due to the | -nature of the vibrating source -Each vibrating source has it’s own unique vibrating properties and therefore the harmonics decline at different rates. This affects the Timber of the sound |
| What is the Fundamental frequency | The rate at which a complex tone repeats itself |
| The Fundamental frequency determines | the pitch you hear |
| If a complex tone has energy at different frequencies, why do we only perceive one pitch? | The pitch one hears is associated with the rate at which the tone repeats itself or vibrates (and the harmonic structure of the sound) and not the presence or absence of sound energy at a particular frequency. |
| When an object vibrates, it vibrates | not only as a whole, but as halves, thirds, fourths etc… |
| A tone’s harmonic structure is responsible for the tone’s | Pitch, since the fundamental frequency determines the “spacing” of the various harmonics |
Created by:
aramos139
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