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Ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In _____, the English government established Jamestown, Virginia, where colonists set up a _______ assembly | 1607 representative |
| The separatists who sailed on the Mayflower fled the Church of England for the New World, where they could practice their ___________. | religious beliefs |
| _________ set forth the idea of consent of the governed and was a prototype for American compacts to come | Their Mayflower Compact (1620) |
| The number of colonies increased, and each one created its own set of laws | |
| Colonists, separated from London by an entire ocean, exercised extensive ____________ | self-government |
| In the early 1760s the British Parliament began to _______ on the colonies as a unit, as a way to help pay off British war debt incurred during the French and Indian Wars (1756-1763) | levy taxes |
| What were some of the British imposed taxes? | Sugar Act of 1764 Stamp Act of 1765 Further duties on glass, lead, paint, etc. in 1767 The Coercive (“Intolerable”) Acts of 1774 |
| What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress? | Was not on independence, but to pass a resolution asking colonies to send a petition expressing their grievances to King George III |
| The Congress also required colonies to _________ | raise armies and boycott British trade |
| Delegates declared that committees should be formed in every city and county to police citizens and report violators of the boycotts | |
| What was the date and purpose of the Second Continental Congress? | Held in May 1775 with all colonies represented Established an army with George Washington as Commander-in-Chief |
| What was the result of the Second Continental Congress? | Resulted in Congress members explicitly stating they did not wish for separation, but their actions and growing conflicts with British forces spoke differently |
| What were the natural rights of the Declaration of Independence? | Life, liberty, and property (the last was later referred to as “the pursuit of happiness”) |
| What was social contract in reference to the DOI? | Based on the ideas of consent of the governed, in which citizens agree to form a government and abide by its rules |
| While republicans of the late 1700s were opposed to rule by the British, they were also opposed to rule by any strong central government | |
| As each state wrote or modified its constitution, the influence of the republican way of thinking led to increased legislative power | |
| Who had the power in the Articles of Confederation? | States retained most of the power, so the weak central government had a very limited role in the governing process |
| In the Articles of Confederation, what did it lack in terms of the powers of the gov't? | While the Congress of the Confederation could regulate foreign affairs and establish coinage, it lacked a source of revenue and the machinery to enforce its decisions across all states |
| What was the structure of the AOC? | Congress -> Committee of the States -> Officers -> States |
| What were the three accomplishments of the AOC? | The first real pooling of resources by all of the American states was seen Claims to western lands were settled A pattern of government was established for territories to be formed as colonists expanded into new lands north of the Ohio River |
| What were the weaknesses of the AOC? | A lack of strong central authority to resolve disputes between the states,An inability to raise funds for a militia, the need for a stronger central government, as witnessed by Shays’ Rebellion |
| What was the purpose & year of the Constitutional Convention? | Philadelphia in May 1787; Those who favored a weak central government attended with the goal of revising the Articles of Confederation Those in favor of a stronger federal government had other goals |
| At the Constitutional Convention....A majority of the delegates were ______ who favored a stronger government | nationalists |
| The beliefs at the Constitutional Conv ranged from _______ to definite ________. | near-monarchism decentralized republicanism |
| Some Constituttional Convention delegates, nationalists were more democratic and called for support of a central government, while others wanted a system based on narrowly defined republican principles | |
| What was the Virginia Plan? | Created a bicameral legislature featuring an elected lower chamber and an upper chamber appointed by the lower house This legislature was given the powers to elect a national executive and appoint a national judiciary |
| Weakeness of the Virginia Plan? | Major weakness — representation was set by population, to the disadvantage of small states |
| What was the New Jersey Plan and what authority did it give to Congress? | A “one state, one vote” plan that, to levy taxes, regulate trade, and elect an executive body that would then appoint a judiciary; laid out the idea that acts of Congress would be considered the supreme law of the land—resulting in the supremacy doctrine |
| What was the purpose of the Great Compromise? | Compromise between more populous states (which advocated representation based on population) and smaller states (which advocated equal representation for each state) |
| The Great Compromise was also known as the ______, it provided for a bicameral legislature, featuring one house based on population and the other based on equal representation for each state | Connecticut Plan |
| The Madisonian Model had a separation of powers and checks and balances. | |
| What was the separation of powers? | the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were to be independent of each other |
| What is the system of checks & balances? | the new government had been given considerably more power, but the three branches over which the power was spread acted as controls over one another |
| Proposals that Congress select or elect the executive were eventually rejected Likewise, proposals for a plural executive were abandoned in favor of a single officer | The creation of the Electoral College meant that the president would be insulated from direct popular control and from Congressional control |
| Constitution: A summary of the results: Popular sovereignty A republican government Limited government Separation of powers A federal system | |
| Federalists: | those who favored a strong central government as set out in the Constitution |
| Anti-Federalists: | those against ratification and for the status quo |
| The Federalist Papers: | an attempt to persuade the public to support the new government |
| Federalist #10 deals .... | with the nature of groups, or “factions,” as Madison called them |
| The Anti-Federalists claimed that the Constitution was written by aristocrats, did not guarantee any liberties to citizens, and would weaken the powers of the states | |
| In the march to the finish, some states came through with strong majorities while others struggled or lagged | Nine states ratified, putting the Constitution into effect, but until the populous Virginia and New York signed on, this ratification meant little |
| SEE SLIDE 25 & PICTURE SLIDES. | |
| A Bill of Limits: | the package was assembled by Madison, who culled through almost 200 state suggestions; no explicit limits on state govt powers |
| The Bill of Rights was applicable only to the national government until the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated some of these rights | |
| SEE LAST 5 SLIDES OF PWP. |
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countrygucci07
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