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Ancient Rome
Global Studies 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Republic | A form of government where the power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote to elect their own representatives |
| Patricians | Wealthy, land-owning Senate members |
| Consul | Two were elected each year by the Senate to rule Rome. |
| Dictators | One who has complete power in time of emergency. |
| Plebeians | The poor, common people |
| Laws of the 12 Tables | These laws stated that all citizens were equal under the law, innocence until proven guilty, right to face accusers and defend yourself, guilt must be clearly established, and all decisions are based on fairness. |
| Tribunes | Officials elected by the Plebeians |
| Senate | Roman legislature that was made up of Senators who served for life |
| Veto | The power to stop or block a law from passing...Tribunes had this |
| Mercenaries | People who fought without being payed |
| The Punic Wars | Series of wars between Carthage and Rome |
| Hannibal | Great Carthaginian soldier and leader during The Punic Wars |
| Imperialism | Establishing control over foreign lands and or people |
| Provinces | Different territories within a nation or empire |
| Mare Nostrum | “Our Sea.” The Romans believed the Mediterranean Sea belonged solely to them |
| Latifundia | Roman estates where slaves worked. |
| Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus | Brothers who were the first to attempt reform...eventually became tribunes and were later killed |
| Julius Caesar | Became ruler of Rome after assassinating Cicero, and Pompey stepped down, Plebeians loved him, made many reforms that helped the plebeians, had many enemies in the senate and the Republic, Assassinated by the senate |
| Pompey | Famous general and part of First Triumverate (Crassus and Caesar) to rule Rome |
| "veni vidi vici" | After conquering Gaul (modern-day France), Caesar returned to Rome and said this Latin phrase. It means “I came, I saw, I conquered.” |
| Mark Antony | One of Caesar's chief generals, defeated by Octavian while hunting down murderers and killed himself. |
| Octavian/Augustus | a relative of Caesar’s who gained power after Caesar’s assassination. |
| Princeps | Means "first citizen"...name given to Octavian by people |
| Caligula | Insane emperor who demanded people call him a God...killed by his own guards |
| Nero | Bad Roman Emperor...sat by idly as Rome burned for 9 days destroying half the city. |
| Hadrian | Good Roman leader...built new buildings, lowered taxes, passed laws benefitting women, children, and slaves |
| Marcus Aurelius | The last Pax Romana king. He was one of the “good” emperors. |
| Pax Romana | Roman Peace. Period of about 200 years of Roman flourishment from 27 B.C. to 180 A.D. |
| Engineering | The art of construction and building. The Romans engineered roads, bridges, and harbors. |
| Aqueducts | Architectural structures that carried fresh water into Rome |
| Civil Law | The area of law in a common law system in one country |
| The Law of Nations | The area of law between nations, internationally |
| Emperor Diocletian | Roman leader who divided the empire into east and west |
| Emperor Constantine | Good Roman leader...granted toleration to Christians and built new capital...Constantinople |
| Constantinople | New capital of the Roman Empire making the eastern portion the center of power. |
| The Sack of Rome | Outside invaders continually attack and finally cause the Fall of Rome in 476 AD |
Created by:
gmottola
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