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WC - World Religions
World Cultures - Five Major Religions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hinduism | Oldest of the 5 major world religions; main religion of India that developed from the beliefs of the Aryans; it does not trace itself back to Abraham |
| Buddhism | Religion that was founded by the ancient Hebrews and originated in India; beliefs and practices are based on the teachings of Siddhartha Guatama (The Buddha) |
| Judaism | Religion of the Jews that originated in Israel |
| Christianity | Monotheistic religion in which one has faith in God and Jesus Christ |
| Islam | Religion of the Muslims |
| Polytheism | Belief in many Gods (Hinduism is a polytheistic religion) |
| Monotheism | Belief in one God (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are monotheistic religions) |
| Henotheism | Belief of Hinduism in which there is one main god with many other gods representing qualities of that main god |
| Jesus | Born a Jew and was the founder of Christianity - preached love and caring for those less fortunate |
| Siddhartha Guatama | Better known as "The Buddha" and founder of Buddhism |
| Rabbi | Jewish religious leader |
| Pope | Leader of the Catholic church |
| Muhammad | Arab prophet and founder of the Islam religion |
| Buddha | Born Prince Siddhartha Guatama, the "enlightened one," who founded Buddhism |
| Hebrews | Group of people who founded Judaism |
| Allah | Arabic word for God |
| Brahman | The highest and supreme God of Hinduism who resides in all things |
| Aryans | Cattle-herding tribes who moved into the upper Indus Valley and established the Vedic culture of the Hindus |
| Catholic | The only type of Christian when Christianity first began |
| Orthodox Jew | The strictest of the 3 main types of Jews |
| Reform Jew | The least strict of the 3 main types of Jews |
| Conservative Jew | (Moderate) Jew; falls in between Orthodox (very strict) and Reform (least strict) Jew |
| Israel | Homeland for the Jewish people |
| Torah | Name of the Jewish holy book; first 5 books of a Christian's holy bible |
| Quran | Holy book of the Muslims |
| Tripitaka | An important written work of Buddhism |
| Vedas | Collections of religious scriptures and other teachings of Hinduism |
| Gospels | The first 4 books of the New Testament - Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John |
| Reincarnation | Hindus' and Buddhists' belief that a person's spirit, upon death, is reborn into another bodily form; also known as samsara |
| Moksha | Freedom from the mortal world; release from the cycle of death and rebirth (reincarnation/samsara) |
| Nirvana | In Buddhism, it is the highest state that a person can reach - a state of enlightenment (desires and suffering go away) and release from reincarnation |
| Dharma | In Hinduism, it is the duties or deeds that a person is expected to perform, which vary and depend upon the person's social standing/caste. In Buddhism, it means "the truth" (teachings of Buddha) |
| Karma | In Hinduism and Buddhism, it is the (cause and effect) belief that the results of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence affect his or her fate in future existences (i.e., whether one is born in a higher or lower status) |
| 4 Noble Truths | A Buddhist philosophy indicating that: Suffering is a part of life; selfish desires lead to suffering; to get rid of suffering is to overcome desires; and follow the eightfold path to avoid and overcome desire |
| Eightfold Path | A path preached by Buddha as the way to escape suffering |
| Ahimsa | The principle of Hindus in which a person should do no harm to living things; non-injury |
| Bar Mitzvah | A celebration that's held when a 13-year old Jewish boy accepts the rules and responsibilities of Judaism For girls (when they turn 12), this celebration is referred to as "Bat Mitzvah" |
| Puja | An offering (like fruit or flowers) to a Hindu god or goddess |
| Shabbat | Hebrew word for "Sabbath" referring to a weekly day of rest that's observed from sundown on Friday until nightfall on Saturday |
| Enlightenment | Having an understanding or wisdom of ultimate reality and escaping the endless cycle of death and rebirth |
| 5 Pillars | The most important Muslim practices: a. Faith - Belief in only 1 God b. Prayer - Done 5x a day facing Mecca c. Alms - Giving charity to the poor/needy d. Fasting - Done during the entire holy month of Ramadan e. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Alms | Part of the 4th pillar of Islam in which one of wealth gives charity to help the poor and the needy |
| Hajj | The last of the 5 pillars of Islam in which a Muslim makes a once-in-a-lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca (if physically and financially able to do so) |
| Crucifixion | Method of execution whereby the victim is tied or nailed to a cross and is then left to hang until dead; this method was used to kill Jesus |
| Ramadan | The 9th month of the Muslim year during which fasting (from sunrise to sunset daily for 1 month) is observed |
| Kosher | Food that the Hebrew bible indicates can be eaten. For example, the Jewish do not eat pork or shellfish; nor do they mix milk and meat products together |
| Caste System | A strict social and religious order of Hindu society - made up of priests, warriors, skilled workers, servants, and untouchables |
| Purgatory | In the catholic religion, it refers to the intermediary state after (physical) death in which those destined for Heaven undergo purification in order to achieve holiness to gain entrance into the Kingdom of Heaven |
| Trinity | 3 parts of 1 God - the father, the son, and the Holy Spirit |
| Synogogue | Jewish place of worship |
| Diaspora | The scattering of Jews to different parts of the world |
| Minaret | A tall tower from where the call to prayer comes for Muslims |
| Moses | Led the Jews out of Egypt |
| Therevada and Mahayana | The two types of Buddhism |
| Bethlehem | City where Jesus was born |
| Kaaba | Black cube-shaped building in Mecca where Muslims go to pray during the Hajj |
| Sunni and Shia | The two branches of Islam |
| Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy | The first 5 books of the Torah (part of the Old Testament) |
| CE | Stands for Common Era - Used instead of BC and AD in newer textbooks as a method to identify a year because not everyone believes in Christ |
| Sati | A former practice in India whereby a Hindu widow threw herself onto her husband's funeral pyre. |
| Mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| Gregorian Calendar | Most widely used civil calendar ( named after Pope Gregory XIII) |
| Ten Commandments | A guide to proper ethical and moral behavior |
| Abraham | Founder/Father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
Created by:
tmgilbert
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