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Chapter 12 Vocab
AP Government - Chapter 12 Vocabulary
| Chapter 12 Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Divided Government | A government in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress. |
| Unified government | A government in which the same party controls both the white house and both houses of congress. |
| Representative Democracy | A political system in which leaders and representatives acquire political power by means of a competitive struggle for the people's vote. This is the form of government used by nations that are called democratic. |
| Direct democracy | A political system in which all or most citizens participate directly by either holidng office or making policy. The town meeting, in which citizens vote on major issues, is an example of participatory democracy. |
| Pyramid Structure | A method of organizing a president's staff in which mot presidential assistance report through a hierarchy to the president's chief of staff. |
| Circular Structure | A method of organizing a president's staff in which several presidential assistants report directly to the president. |
| Ad Hoc Structure | A method of organizing a president's staff in which several task forces, committess, and informal groups of friends and advisers deal directly with the president. |
| Perks | A shor for of perquisites, meaning "fringe benefits of office". Among the perks of political office for high ranking officials are limousines, expense acounts, free air travel, fancy offices, and staff assistants. |
| Cabinet | By custom, the cabinet includes the heads of the fourteen major executive departments. |
| Veto message | One of two ways for a pesident to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. The veto messae must be sent to Congress within ten days after the presdient receives the bill. |
| Pocket Veto | One of two ways for a rpesident to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. If the president does not sign the bill within ten days of his receiving it and Congrss has adjourned within that time, the bill does not become a law. |
| Line-Item Veto | The power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others. The president does not have the right to exercise a line-item veto and must apporve or reject an entire appropriations bill. |
| Trustee approach | The view that an elected representative should act on his or her own best judgment of what public policy requires. |
| Delegate model | The view that an elected representative should represent the opinions of his or her constituents. |
| Legislative veto | The rejection of a presidential or administrative agency action by a vote of one or both house of Congress without the consent of the president. In 1983 it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. |
| Impeachment | A formal accusation against a public official by the lower house of a legislative body. Impeachment is merely an accusation and not a conviction. |
| Lame Duck | A politician who is still in office after having lost a reelection bid. |
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