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Genetics & Cells
Study Stack File
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another |
Purebread | Same color |
Trait | Characteristic |
Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each having half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
Haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
Diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent |
Hybrid | an organism that has different alleles for a trait |
Phenotype | physical features |
Genotype | genetic makeup |
Offspring | an organisms child |
Alleles | different forms of a gene |
Homozygous | same traits |
Heterozygous | different traits |
Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
Sex-Linked Genes | genes on the X and Y chromosome |
Carrier | a person that has one recessive allele for a recessive trait and one dominant allele |
Sex Chromosomes | are one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell |
Pedigree | Family tree/chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
Selective Breedings | selecting organisms with a desired trait to be the parent of the offspring |
Inbreeding | crossing two individuals that have the similar characteristcs |
Hybridization | breeders cross two genetically different individuals |
Genetic Engineering | genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism |
Gene Therapy | inserting copies of gene directly into a person's cells |
Hybrid | an organism with 2 different alleles as a trait |
Gene | set of information that controls a trait |
Dominant | an allele that always shows up when the allele is present |
Recessive | an allele that is masked when the dominant allele is present |
Insertion | addition of one or more |
Deletion | mutation where part of a chromosome or DNA is missing |
Substitution | a mutation where one base pair is replaced with a different base pair |
Genetic Disorder | abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes/chromosomes |
Clone | an identical (genetically) that is a replica to the organism it came from |